382 HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI. 



distal to the other. The test is dull olive, brown on the abactinal system, but 

 distinctly greenish in the mid-zone. The spines are almost white but have more 

 or less dusky tips, and the bases show a trace of green or reddish brown. 



In view of the occurrence of Habrocidaris argentea in the Hawaiian region, 

 it is most interesting to have the closely related genus Podocidaris discovered 

 there. It is a very peculiar fact in the geographical distribution of Echini that 

 these two genera of Arbaciadse, each of which was discovered in the West Indies, 

 should occur in the Hawaiian region, and so far as now known nowhere else in 

 the world, except perhaps the East Indies, where the "Siboga" collected two 

 specimens of what is probably a true Podocidaris. The genus Trigonocidaris 

 (see p. 295) shows a very similar distribution but otherwise it appears to be 

 unique among Echini. In these three cases, the Hawaiian species is identical 

 with or very closely related to the West Indian and it seems impossible to doubt 

 that it has sprung from that stock, and the lack of marked specific differentiation 

 would indicate that it was at no very distant date. Possibly the East Indies 

 were stocked from the Hawaiian Islands. 



The Hawaiian Podocidaris was taken by the ''Albatross" only at the follow- 

 ing station: — 



Station 3919. Off Diamond Head, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. Bott. temp. 

 45.6°. 220-257 fathoms. Gy. s. 



As it seems most probable that the species designated as Podocidaris sp.f 

 by de Meijere ("Siboga" Ech., p. 68) is quite different from any of its near allies, 

 it may be named cincta, since the banded spines are its most striking character. 



The three species of Podocidaris may then be distinguished as follows: — 



Spines not banded 



Tubercles on abactinal system few, low and not arranged according to any very definite 



pattern xculpta. 



Tubercles on abactinal system, rather numerous, arranged in series parallel to the distal 



iii.irpins of the genital pl.atcs ornata. 



Spines banded with carmine-red cincta. 



Yoshiwara's Echini. 



Thrf)ui!;li \\\c kindiioss of Pmfossdr Scitaro Goto, the Imperial University 

 at Tokyo has entrusted to me the type-specimens of the ten species of Echini 

 described as new by Yoshiwara in 1S97 (Ann. Zool. .Taji.. II. p. 57-61). In the 

 l>rereding jiages reference has been made to four of these species, noting that 

 ''Echinus muUicolor^- is a valid species of Nudechinus, that " Mcspilia lacviJubcr- 



