178 DEEP SEA FISHES. 



known to be from the deep sea, that is from below a hundred and fifty 

 fathoms. Among them are two genera, Microlepidiuni and Leptophycis, 

 that do not readily identify with any of those previously known ; there is a 

 new species of Lajmonema that is perhaps as closely allied to L. vidanunun 

 G. B., as to any other of the genus ; there is a new form of Antimoi-a, so 

 closely allied to A. rodrata Giint. from the far south, to A. viola G. B., from 

 the northwestern Atlantic and to A. vmrolcjAs Bean from the northeastern 

 Pacific as to raise the question whether the four are not to be ranked as varie- 

 ties of the species A. rostrata ; there is a new Merluccius that is more nearly 

 allied to M. Gayi Guich. off the coasts of Chili than to 31. hilinearis Mitch. 

 or 31. merluccius Linn., ; there are two species of Phyciculus, one of them 

 new and closely allied to P. nematopiis Gilb., from off the coasts of Lower 

 California, and somewhat less so to P.fulvvs Bean, from the Caribbean Sea 

 and the Gulf of Mexico ; and there is a new type of Bregmaceros, B. longijjes, 

 quite distinct from that of the western Pacific and the Lidian Ocean, B. 3Iac- 

 clellandii Thomps., and more closely akin to B. atlardicus G. B., from the 

 Caribbean Sea. 



The bathybial portion of the group has a much greater horizontal dis- 

 tribution than the shoal water portion ; while the latter is mainly included 

 in the temperate regions the former extends beyond them under the tropical 

 seas and to the polar regions. In the frigid zones the known representation 

 is small, probably because almost nothing has been done toward the deter- 

 mination of the fauna in those latitudes. The principal migrations of the 

 Gadoids appear to be from the deeper to the shoaler waters and back, of u 

 considerable vertical but not of a very great horizontal extent. So far as 

 determined the vertical range is less than that of a number of tlie other 

 groups. Only one of the Gadoids yet discovered has been taken from below 

 1500 fathoms; Melanonus as noted by Glinther in the " Challenger" report, 

 is from 1975. The nearest approaches to this are Lasmonema, from 1467, 

 Antiraora, from 1434, and Gaidropsarus, from 1246 fathoms. 



Concerning affinities between the Gadoids of the Atlantic and those of 

 the Pacific, in the shoal water genera, Gadus, Merluccius, etc., they appar- 

 ently are closer by way of polar waters, while in the larger proportion of 

 the deep sea types, as Antimora, Lamionema, Phyciculus, and ethers, the 

 connections appear closer by way of the isthmus. Moderately close allies 

 occur on opposite sides of the Pacific, in Lepidion and in Phyciculus for 

 instances. 



