368 BEEP SEA FISHES. 



south latitude of 55° or more, in all oceans, in fact, this genus can be relied 

 on to establish very little concerning an eastward strait from the Panainic 

 or another from the Mediterranean. The species now known from the 

 Caribbean and those from the Panamic region are not very closely allied. 



Ccnfrosci/llium : — Is taken in the Panamic region, in the north Atlantic 

 to Greenland, near the Falkland Islands, in the Mediterranean Sea, the 

 Arabian Gulf, and the Bay of Bengal, but has little bearing on early 

 connections across Panama and Suez because of the close agreement of 

 the species throughout the entire range. 



Isistius : — Eanging from the Panamic to Alaska, in 55° north, and to the 

 middle Pacific, found in the Atlantic at Rio de Janeiro, in the Gulf of Guinea, 

 and in tlie Indian Ocean from Madagascar to Australia, this shark is one 

 of the most likely to pass from ocean to ocean at the southward of either 

 America or Africa. 



Pontiuus : — The present record from the Panamic, from the Gulf of 

 Mexico to Cape Hatteras, from the Mediterranean and from oflf the north- 

 west coasts of Africa, places this genus strongly in favor of recent migrations 

 through a Panamic strait. 



Hoplostctlius : — A distribution in the Panamic region, through the 

 Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to New York, from Madeira and the 

 northwestern coasts of Africa to the Mediterranean, in the Bay of Bengal, 

 and in the Sea of Japan, makes Hoplostethus at once favorable to a migra- 

 tion westward from the Caribbean and to that advocated by Alcock between 

 the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. 



Trachichthi/s : — Known from the Panamic region, from Chili, from 

 northwest Africa to the Mediterranean, from the Bay of Bengal to Japan, 

 Australia and New Zealand, this genus must be regarded as a likely one 

 to range southward of the great continents. 



Cuulokpis : — The position of the three localities from which this genus 

 has been recorded, off New York, off Lower California, and off Panama, 

 together with the very close relationship existing between the species of 

 the Atlantic and that of the Pacific, renders Caulolepis one of the best for 

 the present to cite in support of a recent thoroughfare across the isthmus 

 of Panama. 



Melampliaes : — From the Panamic to Puget Sound, the western Central 

 Pacific, off the eastern coasts of the United States and of South America, 

 off the northwestern coasts of Africa, from the Bay of Bengal and from the 



