20 HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI. 



Anomolanthus. 



Bell, 1884. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 43. 

 Type, Echinanthus tumidus Tenison- Woods, 1878. Proc. Linn. Soc. X. S. W., 2, p. 169. 



It is difficult to determine whether one or two specimens of this highly 

 interesting clypeastroid have been taken, for Bell's introductory paragraph is 

 ambiguous on this point. Apparently, however, the specimen he studied was 

 the holotype, now in the Australian Museum, Sydney, which is 140 mm. long, 

 115 mm. wide and 63 mm. high. No other specimen has been recorded since 

 Bell's paper was published, but it is greatly to be hoped that further material 

 will be secured for no clypeastroid gives so great promise of throwing light on 

 the phylogeny of the group. It is unfortunate that the locality where the type 

 was obtained is not known and that even its being from Australian waters is not 

 past doubt. 



Clypeaster. 



Lamarck, 1801. Syst. Anim. sans Vert., p. 3-19. 

 Type, Echinus rosaceus Linne, 1758. Syst. Xat., ed. 10, p. G< >-3 . 



It is not necessary to repeat here the discussion of the nomenclatural ques- 

 tions involved in making rosaceus the type of this genus; the details may be 

 found in my paper already referred to (1911, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. S. 7 . 

 It may be well, however, to call attention to the fact that the ultimate settlement 

 of the matter will depend not merely on whether pre-Linnean names are to be 

 accepted but also on the interpretation of Linne's, Leske's, and Lamarck's 

 references to the species involved. The number of recent species of Clypeaster 

 is much larger than has hitherto been supposed. More than thirty-five species 

 have been described, but as all but seven or eight of these were described before 

 the Revision was published, and as Mr. Agassiz only recognized half a dozen 

 species in that work, there has been an impression that there were not more than 

 a dozen or fifteen valid species. Indeed in Bronn's Thier-reichs L904 only 

 eight species (grouped in three genera!) are admitted. My study of the large 

 series of specimens in the M. C. Z. collection and the very interesting material 

 gathered by the Albatross has convinced me that we should recognise at least 

 nineteen species, of which three have not hitherto been described and one other 

 requires a new name. 



1 have the pleasure of expressing here my most sincere thanks to Dr. Ludwig 



