240 TiMEHRI. 



fuel. With cheap fuel a simple system will do, but with 

 expensive fuel a triple or quadruple will pay, quadruple 

 means a saving of steam against triple of 13 0/0 and an 

 enlargement of the heating surface of 33 0/0. As it is 

 of immense importance to have throughout the building 

 all the various stations in a perfe6l proportion to each 

 other in regard to their efficiency it is advisable for a pro- 

 prietor who wants to go in for diffusion to ere6l an 

 entirely new building based on his field crop. 



The vacuum pan should be placed in such a position 

 as to make it possible that the massecuite without being 

 touched by hand is emptied out, saving in this way a 

 considerable number of hands and besides massecuite. 

 I may at this place take in consideration under what 

 conditions Schiitzenbach's boxes become superfluous. 

 Massecuite, freshly emptied from the vacuum, undergoes 

 doubtlessly an improvement in its contents of sugar 

 crystals if it is put to rest and to cool in Schiitzenbach's 

 boxes. We have to distinguish between the quick crys- 

 tallisation of ist sugar and the slow one of 2nd and 3rd 

 sugar. The former is promoted by evaporation and com- 

 pleted by short rest. The second is indifferent to evapora- 

 tion, but is furthered by a rest ofseveral weeks. To obtain 

 therefore a completely crystallised ist Massecuite there 

 is but one way which is by continuing the evaporation 

 in the vacuum with low temperature to the utmost, with 

 application of the so-called pug mill vacuum pan into 

 which the 1st Massecuite with a water percentage of 6 or 

 7 is emptied. The vacuum pug-mill is a closed vessel 

 with stirring apparatus and double plated bottom, which 

 makes it possible by means of double heating and vacuum 

 to keep the Massecuite in such a condition that an evenly 



