164 TlMEHRI. 



gather with the variation of the type of ships in modern 

 shipbuilding; the rules or methods supplied by Mr. 

 MooRSOM, have to a great extent become obsolete and 

 inapplicable. 



It is found, however, that the proportion of varieties 

 between dead weight capacity and gross register ton- 

 nage is very small, as for instance, a steel screw cargo 

 steamer, with double bottom for water ballast, has a dead 

 weight capacity for cargo, coal and stores, of about i^ 

 of her gross registered tonnage, a steel sailing ship about 

 1*70, and an iron ship about 1*54 their respe6live gross 

 tonnage. 



It must be observed also that in estimating the carrying 

 capacity of a ship, that tons in weight of various goods 

 fill very different spaces ; for instance, a ton of sugar in 

 bags will fill from 39 to 40 cubic feet, of ginger 80 

 cubic feet, of granite 4 cubic feet, and of rice in bags 

 about 42 cubic feet. 



The scale of tonnage for dead weight, light freights 

 and measurement freight, differs at various ports, the 

 difference for measurement goods varying between 40 

 and 50 cubic feet per standard ton, and dead weight 

 being on a basis of from 16 cwt. to 20 cwt. 



The measurement with regard to light freight goods, 

 or measurement goods, such as chests, boxes, or plain 

 sided packages, may be readily done by multiplying the 

 length, breadth, and depth together, which gives the num- 

 ber of cubic feet. And, if the freight ton be 40 cubic 

 feet of space, multiply the total cubic feet by .025 or 

 divide by 40. For example : We have 9 cases of goods, 

 each case being 4 feet long, by 2 feet broad, and 2 feet 

 deep. 



