26 
the first three dorsal and last two cervical vertebre. These last in- 
sertions seem to represent the continuation of the sacro-lumbalis in 
Man, which is termed the cervicalis descendens or ascendens. 
Longissimus dorsi.—This muscle is blended posteriorly both with 
the sacro-lumbalis and the multifidus spine, and anteriorly with the 
outer portion of the spinalis dorsi. It extends as far forward as the 
thirteenth cervical vertebra. Origin. From the inner or mesial half 
of the anterior margin of the ilium; from a strong aponeurosis at- 
tached to the spines of the eighth, seventh and sixth dorsal vertebre ; 
and trom the transverse processes of the sixth, fifth, fourth and third 
dorsal vertebree. Ins. The carneous fibres continued from the second 
origin, or series of origins, incline slightly outwards as they pass for- 
ward, and are inserted into the posterior articular processes of the 
first three dorsal vertebrze, receiving accessory fibres from the spinalis 
dorsi. ‘The fasciculi from the transverse processes above mentioned 
incline inwards, and are also inserted into the posterior oblique pro- 
cesses of the vertebre anterior to them; they soon begin to form a 
series of oblique carneous fasciculi, which become more distinct as 
they are situated more anteriorly ; they are at first implanted in the 
vertebra next in front of that from which they rise, and then into 
the vertebra next but one in front ; so that the most anterior of these 
tendons of insertions, to which can be traced any of the fibres of the 
main body of the longissimus dorsi, is that which is implanted into 
the thirteenth cervical vertebra; it is this fasciculus which is joined 
by the first or most posterior of the fasciculi of the longus colli 
posticus. 
A series of oblique carneous fasciculi, evidently a continuation of, 
or part of the same system with those in which the longissimus dorsi 
terminates anteriorly, is continued between the upper transverse and 
the oblique processes of the vertebrz as far forward as the fourth cer- 
vical vertebra. This series of muscles seems to represent the trans- 
versalis colli*, which is the anterior continuation of the longissimus 
dorsi in Mammalia, but it differs in being inserted into the oblique, 
instead of the transverse processes. In the direction of their fibres 
these fasciculi resemble the semispinalis colli, but are inserted into 
the oblique processes instead of the spines of the vertebree. There 
are no other muscles with which they can be compared in the Mam- 
malia than these two, with neither of which however do they pre- 
cisely correspond ; they seem however clearly to represent the second 
series of oblique muscular fasciculi in the trunk of Fishes. Rather 
than hazard expressing an incomplete or false analogy, I shall term 
these collectively the fasciculi obliqui. 
Obliquus colli.—The fasciculi which rise from the first two dorsal 
and five lower cervical vertebre are joined near their tendinous ter- 
minations by corresponding fasciculi of the /ongus colli posticus, and 
the strong round tendons continued from the points of convergence 
* It is the ‘ grand transversaire’ of Cuvier, loc. cit. p. 282; but he describes 
it as passing from the anterior articular process of one vertebra to the pos- 
terior articular process of the next in front. 
