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The Rectus capitis lateralis arises from the upper transverse pro- 
cesses of the sixth to the second cervical vertebra inclusive. 
The Intertransversales are short, ill-defined muscles, blended with 
aponeurotic processes which pass from one transverse process longi- 
tudinally to the next in advance. 
C. Muscles of the Tail. 
Levator caude.—Origin. From the posterior and superior extre- 
mity of the ischium. Jns. Into the spines of the caudal vertebre. 
Adductor caude superior.—This muscle is smaller than the pre- 
ceding, with which it runs parallel ; it rises below from the posterior 
extremity or tuber of the ischium, and is inserted into the transverse 
processes of the caudal vertebre. 
Adductor caude@ inferior.—Origin. From the tuber ischii, and the 
ligament connecting this with the posterior extremity of the pubis. 
Ins. Into the transverse processes of the caudal vertebre. 
Depressor caude.—Origin. From the under part of the middle 
line of pelvis. Ins. Into the inferior spines of the caudal vertebree. 
D. Muscles of the Abdomen. 
Obliquus externus abdominis—— Origin. Fleshy, from the second 
and third ribs; and by a strong aponeurosis from the succeeding 
ribs near the attachment of the costal processes, and from those pro- 
cesses. Ins. The fleshy fibres are continued from this aponeurotic 
origin to nearly opposite the ends of the vertebral ribs; they run 
almost transversely, very slightly inclined towards the pubis, to within 
half an inch of the linea alba, and there terminate, by an almost 
straight, parallel line, in their aponeurosis of insertion. ‘The fibres 
of this aponeurosis decussate those of the opposite side, and adhere 
to the tendinous intersections of the rectus beneath. The aponeu- 
rosis from the last rib passes to be inserted into a strong ligament 
extending between the free extremities of the ossa pubis, leaving the 
abdomen behind the last rib defended only by the internal oblique 
and transversalis. 
Obliquus internus abdominis.—Origin. From the whole of the an- 
terior and outer surface of the pubis; aponeurotic from the upper 
part, fleshy for half an inch from the lower or ventral extremity : the 
carneous fibres run longitudinally, and cannot be distinctly defined 
from the intercostales on their outer border, or from the rectus ab- 
dominis on their inner or mesial border, which forms the medium of 
the insertion of the internal oblique. “I 
Rectus abdominis.—I give this name to the mesial continuation of 
the preceding muscle, which arises by a strong, flat, triangular ten- 
don from the lower or ventral extremity of the pubis and from the 
inter-pubic ligament: it soon becomes fleshy ; the carneous portion 
is interrupted by three broad, oblique, but distinct aponeurotic inter- 
sections, and is finally inserted into the xiphoid and lateral processes 
of the sternum and the intervening fascia. 
Transversalis abdominis.—A layer of loose, dark-coloured cellular 
