11 
so frequently figured among the hieroglyphics, and which was wor- 
shiped by the Egyptians under the name of Thoth. I have shown 
elsewhere (Nat. Hist. of Monkeys, &c., i. 431) that the Sacred 
Baboon of the Egyptians was not the C. hamadryas, as supposed by 
Ehrenberg; and though, from the mistake above alluded to, I was 
at that time inclined to identify it with C. anubis, there can now be 
no reasonable doubt that the animal which played so important a 
part in the mythology of that remarkable people, and of whose wor- 
ship the city of Hermopolis was the principal seat, must have been 
the species at present under consideration. If this conjecture be 
well-founded, it follows also that the names cynocephalus, sphina, &c., 
so often employed by Greek and Roman writers, must have referred 
to the same animal, at least originally ; but as modern zoologists have 
applied all these names in a definite sense, I propose to distinguish 
the new species by the equally appropriate designation which it bore 
among the ancient Egyptians. 
«« Cynocephalus Thoth—The individual from which this description 
was taken is an old male of large size, and, like the rest of his con- 
geners, of a morose intractable disposition. The face is broad and 
of a dirty livid flesh-colour, lighter along the centre and ridge of the 
nose, and somewhat browner on the cheeks and muzzle ; the cheek- 
bones are protuberant, the rostrum truncated, and the extremity of 
the nose reaching, but not surpassing, the plane of the upper lip and 
teeth. The hair of the fore-quarters is longer and thicker than on 
the rest of the body, though it does not form so dense or copious a 
mane as in C. hamadryas. The colour of the upper and outer parts 
of the body may be described as dark olive-green, and that of the 
lower and interior as light yellowish green; the breast, throat and 
under part of the chin are silvery grey ; the lower parts of the whis- 
kers are of the same colour, but they acquire a yellowish green shade 
as they approach and become intermixed with the hair of the head; 
the ears and palms of the hands are naked, and of a dark brown 
colour; the callosities very large and flesh-coloured, and the naked 
parts of the hips on each side of the callosities of a deep purple or 
violet-brown ; the scrotum is brown, and the sheath of the penis 
flesh-coloured. . The tail is of medium length, without a terminal 
tuft, and carried in the arched manner common to the rest of the 
genus. The hind surfaces of the legs and thighs are furnished with 
long hair of a yellowish brown shade; the hands are of the same 
colour as the body, but the hind fingers are covered with longish 
grey hairs, and this character, together with the dark purple colour 
of the naked hips and brown scrotum, will always be sufficient to 
distinguish the present species from C. anubis and C. sphina, in both 
of which the naked parts of the buttocks are of a brilliant blood-red, 
and the scrotum pale flesh-colour. In colour indeed C. Thoth ap- 
proaches more nearly to C. sphin than to C. anubis; it has the same 
light silvery grey colour on the whiskers and under part of the body, 
but the upper colours are more obscure ; the bright yellowish green 
is replaced by sordid dunnish brown, and the proportions of the two 
animals are entirely different, the long slender limbs and body of the 
