66 



back part of the cardia, and ^rd of an inch to the front of the cardia. 

 The rest of the stomach is lined by the usual gastric vascular mem- 

 brane, which in the distended state shows one or two short and verj' 

 narrow, straight rugae, and is smooth in the rest of its extent, except 

 near the commencement of the short and narrow canal leading to the 

 pylorus, where a number of longitudinal rugae converge. The mus- 

 cular coat of the stomach is 2 lines iu thickness at the cardia, where 

 its texture is miusually firm ; it diminishes in thickness to 1 line after 

 a course of 2 inches from the cardia, and is less than half a line thick 

 over the great dilated portion of the stomach. It resumes its thick- 

 ness of 2 lines at the narrow pyloric portion. A few longitudinal 

 rugae radiate from the cardia a little way upon the epithelial part, but 

 there is no valvular apparatus there. 



The form of the pylorus is crescentic, bounded below by an arched 

 protuberance, receiving in its concavity a single longitudinal protube- 

 rance from the upper side. 



The bile-tube {ductus choledochus) opens on a mammillary emi- 

 nence half an inch from the pylorus. 



The duodenum, which is about 1 inch in diameter at its com- 

 mencement, where it receives the ductus choledochus and pancreatic 

 duct, contracts to a diameter of |rds of an inch as it bends down in 

 front of the right kidney, suspended by a narrow mesentery ; it then 

 crosses the first lumbar vertebra, and becomes attached to the back 

 of the ascending colon ; there it ascends a little way, bending obliquely 

 round the colon, and becomes suspended, as jejuimm, upon the 

 proper mesentery. The jejunum and ilium lie in close coils sus- 

 pended by the narrow mesentery, which is loaded with fat, termina- 

 ting next the intestine in lobes which project as a free border on 

 each side the junction of the mesentery to the gut. The mesenteric 

 vessels pass straight through this fat, without forming anastomotic 

 arches. The mesenteric glands are arranged in a semicircle about 

 the root of the mesentery. The small intestines preserve a pretty 

 miiform diameter until near the end of the ilium, which gradually 

 contracts to a diameter of about half an inch. The length of the 

 small intestine is from 18 to 20 feet, or about five times the length 

 of the body ; which is proportionally one-half the length of the small 

 intestines of the domestic Hog. The ihum passes near its termination 

 from the right to the left lumbar region, and ascends to terminate in 

 the caecum, to which it is attached by a duplicature of the perito- 

 neum. The caecum was situated in the advanced part of the left 

 lumbar region. It was 3J inches in length, and about 2^ in diame- 

 ter, with an obtuse rounded end ; its parietes were slightly puckered 

 or sacculated on two longitudinal bands, about 4 lines in breadth, a 

 third band commencing near the entry of the ilium ; its circumfe- 

 rence is 7 inches. It is divided by a constricted neck, ^\ inches in 

 circumference and 1^ inch in length, from the colon, and this con- 

 tracted part was sacculated only on one side, the other side being 

 smooth, with a strong coat of longitudinal fibres external to the cir- 

 cular ones. At this part the ilium, caecum and beginning of the colon 

 are attached by a strong mesentery to the spine : the colon ascends 



