1863.] MR. J. Y.JOHNSON ON NEW FISHES FROM MADEIRA. 45 



Between the eyes are two broad, shallow, longitudinal grooves, with 

 two low ridges between them. This part has an adipose or gelati- 

 nous appearance, and it is marked with some twenty or more trans- 

 verse beaded lines, and in the neighbourhood of the eyes with nume- 

 rous gelatinous papillae. The round eye, the iris of which has a 

 golden-greenish colour, is contained about five times in the head, 

 and is placed at a distance of not quite a diameter and a half from 

 the tip of the muzzle. It is surrounded by an adipose border, which 

 intrudes upon it at the antero-superior side, and which has a small 

 notch at the posterior side. The distance from eye to eye is nearly 

 equal to a diameter and a half. The nostrils are close together, and 

 placed halfway between the eye and the jaw ; the hinder one of 

 each pair is large. The muzzle is rounded, and short but not ab- 

 rupt. There is a protuberance on the premaxillary, behind the sym- 

 physis of the jaw. The under jaw projects slightly beyond the up- 

 per. The upper border of the mouth is formed entirely of the pre- 

 maxillary, behind which is the toothless maxillary, having a length 

 one-half that of the head. The latter is dilated below, is furnished 

 with a very small and narrow supplementary piece, and extends back 

 to the vertical from the posterior border of the eye. There is a sco- 

 binate band of teeth on each jaw, the inner rows being rather larger 

 and almost cardiform. A portion of these dental bands is seen out- 

 side the mouth when it is closed. A narrow band of similar teeth 

 is found on the palatines, and a chevron- shaped patch on the vomer. 

 The thick tongue is toothless in front ; but behind there is a narrow 

 band of small teeth along the middle as far as the branchiae extend. 

 On the entopterygoids there are large oval patches of minute teeth. 

 On the outermost free branchial arch are long rakers, of which one 

 edge is set with a band of minute teeth ; and on its hinder surface is 

 a series of short rakers, the apices of which bear numerous minute 

 teeth. The other branchial arches bear short stout rakers, which 

 have teeth at their ends ; and the hinder faces of these arches have 

 similar processes to those of the first arch. 



The tongue, the mouth, and the insides of the gill- covers are 

 bluish black. The gill-openings are large. The delicate branchio- 

 stegal membrane is supported by nine rays, of which the first is hair- 

 like, and the last very broad, with a raised posterior edge. The^?-*^ 

 dorsal fin has a trapezoidal shape, and is placed well forward over 

 the ventral fins. The four first rays are unbranched, and the first 

 of these is very short. The longest ray is the fifth, and this is about 

 two-thirds the length of the head. The second dorsal fin is adipose 

 and scaleless ; it is placed over the hinder part of the anal fin. The 

 pectoral fins are longer than the ventral fins. They have about 

 two-thirds of the height of the fish above their bases, and they reach 

 back beyond the end of the first dorsal fin, but not (juite so far as the 

 vent. Their inferior rays arc not thicker than the rest. The ab- 

 dominal ventral fins have stout rays, and the first one is unbranched 

 and shorter than the next three, which are about equal to each other. 

 The abdomen is flat between the roots of these fins. The vent is 

 immediately in front of the trapezoidal anal fin, the first ray of which 



