282 MR. R. SWINHOE ON THE BIRDS OF CHINA. [JunC 23, 



manilensis occurs on the coasts of Java and Siam, and, I suspect, 

 would be found on the Andamans and on the coast of Burmah itself, 

 where they would meet with the blue race from the interior, and 

 cross, as I know them to do in China ; P. affinis would then be 

 produced. In Amoy the red-bellied race, the blue race, and the 

 affinis are found in about the proportion 4:2:1. This fact of red- 

 bellied and pale-bellied birds crossing and producing apparently fertile 

 hybrids appears to be repeated in the small Cuckoos Polyphasia 

 (see Jerdon, Birds of India, i. p. 335). 



113. Orcecetes gularis, Swinhoe, Ibis, 1863, p. 93, pi. iii., 

 and 1861, p. 332. 



Tliis forest-thrush has its nearest ally in O. cinclorhynchus. 

 Vigors. It has as yet only been procured from the neighbourhood 

 of Pekin. 



114. Oriolus chinensis, L. 



O. cochinchinensis, Briss. 

 O. indicus, Briss. 



This is a summer visitant to the whole of China, and ranges as 

 far north as the Amoor, and eastwards to Formosa. Our birds wend 

 southwards in the winter. I have a specimen received from Siam, 

 kindly sent me by Sir R. Schomburgk, and others from Malacca 

 and Burmah in diiferent stages of plumage, all identical with our 

 summer visitant. These Malayan countries are therefore doubtless 

 the winter resort of our bird ; and I think it will be found that few, 

 if any, of this species spend the warm season in those regions, their 

 place being there supplied by an allied race, the O. tenuirostris, 

 which we do not get. The male Oriole carries a partially immature 

 plumage throughout the second year, the females to the third or 

 fourth year ; but in fully adult dress the sexes are not to be distin- 

 guished. It is, however, much rarer to see mature females than 

 males. This similarity of adult sexes holds good in the allied Psa- 

 ropholus group, and, as I am told by reliable observers, in all the 

 Orioles. 



Campephagid^. 



115. VoLvocivoRA melaschistos, Hodgs. 



Campephaga ?, Ibis, 1861, p. 42. 



C. avensis, Blyth. 

 C. silens, Tickell. 

 C. culminatus, A. Hay? 



I have five of this species from China, two from Burmah, and one 

 from Calcutta, of which the mature birds are identical in all respects, 

 except in the size and proportions of the bill. If we regard this as 

 a character in this bird, we should have to separate the adult speci- 

 men I procured at Canton from an adult from Amoy, the former 

 having a very much shorter bill than the latter. But on comparison 

 of specimens, the bill varies in each individual, and is therefore in- 



