306 MR. R. SWINHOE ON THB BIRDS OF CHINA. [June 23, 



ing Mr. Gould right in separating this bird from the European 

 Rook ; in size they are very similar. The Chinese bird is, however, 

 at once distinguishable by the whole of its head being glossed with 

 purple like the back, the European Rook having the head and face 

 glossed with blue- black. But the greatest distinction is in the pe- 

 culiar black-feathered throat and chin, these parts in C. frugllegvs 

 being quite bare. My specimen was procured in October, at Pekin, 

 and, being in mature plumage, must be over a year old at the least. 

 More specimens are required to determine whether the throat ever 

 does get bare, like the base of the bill, with advancing age ; but if 

 this character fail, the different tints of the head will be sufficient to 

 establish the Chinese bird as a distinct race of Rook. 



231. NUCIFRAGA CARYOCATACTES, L. 



Said to occur in North China. Reported from Amoorland and 

 Japan. 



232. Fregilus graculus, L. 



North China; procured near Tientsin. Not noted from Amoor- 

 land or Japan. 



COLTJMBID^. 



233. CoLUMBA rupestris, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 48. 



C. leiicozonura, Swinhoe, Ibis, 1861, p. 259. 



Common about the rocky shores of China in the extreme north, 

 and ro'iky coast of Mantchuria. 



234. Turtur rtjpicola (Pall.) ; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 60. 



Found in North China, the Amoor, and Japan. A winter visitant 

 to South China and Formosa. 



235. Turtur chinensis (Scop.) ; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 63. 



A resident species from Canton to Shanghai, and at Formosa. 



236. Turtur humilis (Temm) ; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 66. 



A summer visitant to South China, ranging in that season as far 

 north as Shanghai and into Formosa. 



GALLINiE. 



237. Syrrhaptes paradoxus, Pall. 



Abundant about the plains of Pekin and Tientsin during winter. 

 Roams about the country in immense flocks, flying in figures, as do 

 Plovers and most sea-birds. 



238. Crossoptilon mantchuricum, Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1862, 

 p. 287. 



One specimen procured through Dr. Lamprey at Tientsin. Said 

 to have come from Mantchuria. 



