1863.] MR. R. SWINHOE ON THE BIRDS OF CHINA. 331 



449. Ph ALE BIS MYSTACEA, Pall. 



Sea of Ochotsk, Japan (Cassin). 



450. Phaleris tetracula, Pall,; Midd. Sib. Relse. 

 N. E. Asia. 



451. Ombria psittacula. Pall.; Midd. Sib. Reise. 

 South Sea of Ochotsk. 



452. Mormon cirrhatum. Pall. ; von Schrenck, p. 503. 

 Amoorland. 



453. Mormon cohniculatum, Kittlitz; Midd. Sib. Reise. 

 South coast and islands of Sea of Ochotsk. 



454. Mormon glaciale, Leach. 



Kamtschatka, Kurile Islands, and Saghalien (Midd.). 



In the above list, down to No. 254 (Otis tarda), I have restricted 

 myself to those birds that I know from personal observation, or be- 

 lieve on reliable evidence, to occur in China limited — that is, from 

 Canton to the borders of Mantchuria. Beyond that number, I have 

 included all the species that I have been able to find recorded from 

 North-eastern Asia and its islands. These are chiefly sea-birds, 

 which, as every naturalist knows, are of an erratic nature, and often 

 in severe winters turn up in very low latitudes on the same line of 

 coast. I have in every case quoted the authority for the localities 

 given. 



For the sake of comparison with the land-birds of China, I sub- 

 join comparative lists of the laud-birds of Japan, Amoorland, and 

 Formosa. My authorities for the first of these have been the ' Fauna 

 Japonica,' Cassin's articles in Perry's ' Expedition to Japan' and 

 in the ' Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- 

 phia,' and Captain Blakiston's two papers in The Ibis*. For the 

 second I have resorted to Middendorff's ' Sibirische Reise' and von 

 Schrenck's 'Amurland.' The third I have added from my articles 

 on the Ornithology of Formosa in The Ibis, 1863, pp. 198, 250, 377. 



The lists are as complete as I have been able, with these references, 

 to make them. In the Japanese list, those marked "(Temminck)" 

 are inserted from von Schrenck's " Schlussfolgerungen," at the end of 

 his ' Birds of Amoorland ;' and I am therefore not responsible for the 

 authority. There are some birds so given which I cannot believe to 

 be Japanese ; these I have marked with notes of surprise. Tkau- 

 malea picta is certainly not a Japanese bird. I have, however, 

 thought it best for the present to leave them as they stand for the 

 criticism of future explorers. 



» See The Ibis, 1S62, p. 309, and 18G3, p. 97. 



