15 
L. ; Gortyna nictitans, L.; Leucania pallens, L.; Pyrophila tragopo- 
gonts, 1; Pachnobia carnea, Vhunb.; Xauthia flavago, Fabr. ; Syx- 
grapha hohenwartht, Hohn. ; Svugrapha devergens, Hubn. ; Pyrrhia 
umbra, Hfn. 
We next come toa number of species for which separate names 
are used in American and European literature, but which may 
probably fall together. Of the identity of several, perhaps indeed 
of most, I have a strong conviction; but, since I have had no 
opportunity of thoroughly examining a series of any two species, I 
have kept them usually separate in lists. For convenience of 
reference I arrange the names in double columns opposite each 
other. 
EUROPE. NortTH AMERICA. 
Mamestra dissimilis, VL. Mamestra atlantica, Grt. 
Teniocampa incerta, Hfn. Tenocampa alia, Gn. 
Lithophane lambda, Fabr. Lithophane thaxteri, Gxt. 
Lithophane ingrica, H.-S. Lithophane pexata, Grt. 
Calocampa vetusta, Hubn. Calocampa nupera, Lint. 
Lithomia solidaginis, Hubn. Lithomia germana, Morr. 
Flelotropha leucostigma, Hubn. Flelotropha rentformis, Grt. 
FPlusia nt, Hubn. Plusta brassice, Riley. 
Calpe capucina, Esp. Calpe canadensis, Beth. 
The foregoing list is incomplete, and the species compared seem to 
differ in varying degrees. No variety of /améda equals thaxteri with 
accuracy, and as the forms are now geographically separate, and 
breed true to type, the conditions of specific rank appear to be 
fulfilled. On the other hand, I feel tolerably sure that the species of 
Lithomia, Flelotropha, Calpe, and Plusta above compared will prove 
to be identical. Certain North American species of Caradrina 
should be added to the above, as they seem to have very close 
European allies. We now come to the true “ representative ” species, 
which differ in one or all stages, but which have, in varying degree, 
the unmistakable facies of a common parentage in the past. 
EUROPE. NorTH AMERICA. 
Flabrosyne derasa, I. flabrosyne scripta, Gosse. 
Diphthera orton, Esp. Diphthera fallax, H.-S. 
Triana pst, L. Triana occidentalis, G. and R. 
JSocheera alni, L. JSocheera funeralts, G. and R. 
Noctua augur, W. Noctua haruspica, Grt. 
Noctua triangulum, Hufn. Noctua normaniana, Grt. 
Agrotis obelisca, Hbn. Agrotis obeliscoides, Gn. 
Mamestra tincta, Brahm. Mamestra purpurissata, Grt. 
Dianthectia magnolit, Bdv. Diantheca ectypa, Morr. 
Fladena basilinea, Fabr. fladena finitima, Gn. 
