3 
I have known even a passing cloud to cause them to disappear from 
a patch covered with grass only, where a moment before scores were 
sporting themselves in "the sun. 
The 31st of July brought us a fine morning, and @¢hzops in abun- 
dance, but still all males. These could be taken in the “blinks ” 
between the “drinks” until the 6th of August, when the females 
began to appear; that is, about a fortnight after the first appearance 
of the males. 
Cold rain and wind now followed in varying amount until the r1th, 
which was a grandday. Females were now plentiful, and I hada good 
opportunity of observing some of their curious habits. If the w eather 
was continuously bright. they would fly freely, but more leisurely than 
the males, and generally lower down in the damper parts, and on the 
margins of the watercourses. If chased, and especially when struck 
at and missed, they would suddenly drop and take refuge in the 
grass, but unlike the males, which sometimes did this and clung to a 
stem or other support, they fell on their sides with closed wings and 
folded legs. So completely did the secondaries cover the primaries, 
and so closely did their coloration simulate the varied ground pattern 
mentioned in the earlier part of this paper, that although under one’s 
eyes they would have frequently escaped detection, had it not been for 
another curious habit of jerking themselves from side to side by 
suddenly opening and closing the wings. This would be done each 
time the herbage was disturbed, the creature throwing itself sometimes 
several inches to evade capture, always falling on one side or the 
other, but never assuming an upright position ‘unless by accidentally 
falling between the blades of grass, and never clasping a stem with 
the legs. 
I would on this point call attention to the varied under sides of the 
females of this species exhibited to-night. It will readily be seen 
that they belong to one or other of two aberrant forms described 
in Mr. Tutt’s “British Butterflies,” p. 431: the one, /eucotenia, 
with more or less silvery grey fascize ; and the other, ochracea, w ith 
distinctly ochreous bands. This latter was much the commoner of 
the two, but both were difficult to see when lying on their sides 
among the ochreous green of the grass and sphagnum, much of 
which was reticulated with the partly embedded lichen-covered and 
silvery grey stems of the dead juniper. 
Again, the females were very fond of basking with extended wings 
in the sun. In such cases the brighter fulvous colouring of the 
upper surface of the wings rendered them very conspicuous, and I 
have seen a male in full career suddenly drop, apparently at right 
angles, on finding itself over one of these females,—ample evidence, 
I think, of the value of this brighter coloration as a sexual recog- 
nition mark. 
Sometimes, if the weather were fitful, I have seen the females, 
with closed wings, resting on a blade of grass, and when disturbed 
they: at once fell on one side, and went through similar evolu- 
