66 
zigzags, and these are known to the natives as the ‘‘Serpents ” of the 
Mendelstrasse. The flowery slopes between these zigzags abound 
with insect life. 
I am of opinion that almost the whole of the British butterfly 
fauna exists here. I saw nearly every British species that could 
possibly be on the wing during the last week of July, whilst I was 
there, and in addition many butterflies of which in England we 
know nothing. 
Start early in the morning, before the sun has become too nawerel 
while the dew yet hangs on the grass and breaks up the sunlight. 
Walk in the cool, and then collect slowly back towards Mendel as 
the heat increases. If you are not satisfied with your catch, you 
must be a lepidopterist not easily satisfied. 
Sailing along on outspread wing, gently, smoothly, comes Papilio 
podalirius. You net it, and it is probably mznws one tail, a very 
common form of variation. You see an empty pupa-case of its 
relative, P. machaon, on the rocks, and sure enough the butterfly 
itself soon passes by, although he loves best to gambol round the 
grassy summit of the Penegal. A white butterfly, with heavy flight 
and semi-transparent wings, proves to be a 2? Aforia crategi, the 
larvee of which also are abundant in their inconspicuous white silken 
webs on the hawthorn bushes. %ervs brassicae, rape, and napi occur ; 
but the last is typical, and bears no resemblance to the large 
yellowish form (approaching, but not so dusky as the ab. drxyonze) 
that occurs a couple of thousand feet above on Monte Rowan. 
Leucophasia sinapis threads its way through the bushes, the ?’s of 
the form known as ab. evyszmz, although some immense examples as 
large as normal P. vaf@ are evidently Ruhl’s ab. sarthz. Colas edusa 
is only once or twice observed, but we see many specimens of 
Coltas hyale. 
On a steep slope covered with sedums, Parnasstus apollo abounds, 
many in fine condition, several with red spots on the upper side of 
the fore-wings. At the corner of the third zigzag from the top of 
the pass is a bed of thistles, and here Dryas paphia is abundant. 
This species flies also about the tops of the trees that rise from the 
precipitous walls of a watercourse below. One or two pairs are 
disturbed 7 copudd, and I observe that the male flies with the female, 
although the opposite is the case in Melitea phebe. The ab. 
valesina occurs, but is rare. The under-sides of the males of 
D. paphia are beautifully marbled with purple, and those of the 
female are intensely green. ‘The Gonepteryx rhamni examined show 
no trace of variation in the extent of the orange spot. 
A footpath leads from this corner into a shady part of the wood. 
Here Petasttes grows to giant size, anda huge P/atyptilia is dis- 
turbed therefrom. Here, too, I find. P. zetferstedizz, and the many- 
ringed Pararge achine flutters slowly among the trees, followed by 
Erebia ethiops. The latter species is comparatively rare here, though 
commoner on the slopes (opposite the Goldener Adler Inn) that lead 
