30 
larymna, A. tdita, and Cirrhochroa bajadeta. A. larymna is a very 
rare species, and has never been taken except at moist spots on the 
forest roads or on feeces, with the exception of two or three specimens 
a year taken on the muddy banks of the Svengei Diski river, near 
Paya Bakong. 
I have just mentioned that Limenites procris, Athyma larymna, 
and other Sumatran species were to be found on feeces in roads, and 
this is also a common habit of Satyrus hermione, which one may 
disturb in large numbers on almost all the lower Alpine roads of 
Central Europe. The numbers of Lyczenid butterflies, too, gathered 
on the manure heaps about the high Alpine chalets are sometimes 
quite inconceivable, not that they congregate on these because they - 
prefer the filthy fluids to water, but because there is at hand no other 
spot where the requisite drink can be obtained. Wallace says that 
in the Brazilian forests every: particle of animal matter in an open 
pathway 1s sure to be visited by a number of different species of 
butterflies. Déscophora necho 1s another Sumatran species which 
frequents the feeces on roads, from which they will fly into the jungle 
when disturbed, but return again as soon as danger is past. 
Luvanessa antiopa and several of its relatives love the sugar that 
has been put on trees for moths the previous night; Apatura iris 
has been attracted by the same means. Many Vanessids love the 
decaying fruit in orchards, and others again the sap flowing from a 
Cossus-affected tree. The Sumatran species of the Satyrid genus 
Mycalests are very fond of feeces of all kinds, but they also abound 
on crushed pieces of sugar-cane, from which they extract the juice, 
and showing a more depraved taste still, they are also very partial to 
the red saliva of the betel-chewing natives. All the Sumatran 
Thaumantids are fond of the ripe fallen fruit of the sugar-palm 
(Arenga saccharifera), on which they regale themselves in the 
shadow of the tree. uthalia dirtea revels in the filth of Sumatran 
kitchen middens. The Zeuxidias are so fond of sweets that a 
piece of rotten plantain fruit (pisangs or bananas) is an almost 
certain bait by means of which they can be attracted. Veorina lowit 
and Melanitis bela are exceedingly fond of the juice or sap that 
exudes from certain of the forest trees when the bark is cut or 
wounded. This has also been repeatedly noticed of our British 
Eugonia polychloros. Alderson states that in the New Forest in 
July, 1895, a year in which this species was particularly abundant, a 
tree from which sap was exuding was always a safe draw for it. 
Wallace observes that the beautiful indigo-blue butterfly, Ca//thea 
leprieurit, was found abundantly about Montealegre, on stems of 
trees from which a black gummy sap was exuding. 
Bouskell records that at Brockenhurst, in August, 1892, he took at 
sugar Dryas paphia (4), its ab. valestna (1), Eugonta polychloros 
(4), Vanessa to (3), Pyramers atalanta (1), Limenttrs stbylla (6), 
Apatura iris (1), LPararge egeria (4), Epinephele tanira (1), E. 
tithonus, and Enodia hyperanthus (1). Surely these actually came for 
