85 
think, in this case be successful. No process of “reconcilement ” 
will, I think, here entice these stray sheep into the Dyarian fold. 
fHlemileuca will go over to its companions the true emperor moths, 
as already given by Hubner, and Aga will remain an isolated 
specialised Old World type of the Citheronian phylum, as originally 
stated by Dr. Packard. 
The answer to the question why Hem/euca is a Saturnian is, then, 
that veins IV 2 and IV r are on a long stem, and that vein IV r can 
never be absorbed so as to issue from the lower side of the radius 
beyond the cell, and leaving IV 2 behind on the cross-vein. The 
answer to the question why 4g@za belongs with Aztomeris and 
Citheronta is that veins IV 2 and IV r are stemless, separated, 
arising from the cross-vein, and the possibility is offered for IV 1 to 
ascend the radius as it does in the Citheroniadze. From these 
answers I come to the conclusion that we must reject Dr. Dyar’s 
arrangement of the groups of the Saturniades. These latter are 
diphyletic, and the question of whether we are entitled to fundamen- 
tally connect the two lines upon Dr. Dyar’s formula for the mere 
position of the larval tubercles is one independent of the present 
question of the mixing of the groups. Here I conclude that either 
Dr. Dyar’s estimate of the larval characters is a wrong one, or that 
these are insufficient to bear the weight imposed upon them, and are 
not to be relied upon. Having given the facts as they appear to me, 
I do not feel at all called upon to reconcile them with Dr. Dyar’s 
statements. The need for such a reconcilement should be felt by 
Dr. Dyar, whose larval theories seem already so valuable that our 
dependence upon them should not be weakened by their failure in 
the present instance. 
To change Hemzleuca into Saturnia we have hardly to do more 
than remove vein VIII of secondaries. ‘To change Saturnia into 
Attacus (figured ane, p. 47) we have only to open the cell, to erase 
the already degenerate cross-vein between IV 2 and IV 3, and to 
round off the base of vein of IV 2 where it furcates with IV 1, the 
piece which intervenes being still a piece of the cross-vein physio- 
logically in Saturnia. All these are normal successions, constantly 
repeated changes, in the neuration throughout the Lepidoptera. 
Nowhere in the Saturnian series can the wing of Ag/a fit in or find 
a place. But in the Citheronian series of changes 4g/va fits in, finds 
a place, and is explicable. More than this, all the exotic forms of 
the emperor moths which I have examined fall under one of the two 
wing patterns of venation as explained by me; they are either 
Saturnians or Aglians. 
