S UPPOSED GLA CIA TION OF BRA ZIL . 7 7 1 



phenomena, stated that no true glacial boulders had been seen 

 in the inter-tropical regions. 1 The English botanist, George 

 Gardner, gives the correct explanation of the formation of the 

 soils about Rio. 2 Burmeister, who traveled extensively in Brazil, 

 is of the opinion that the facts appealed to by Agassiz in support of 

 his glacial hypothesis for Brazil are to be explained otherwise. 3 

 Liais' adverse opinion has already been cited. Dr. Guilherme S. 

 de Capanema, a Brazilian geologist, thoroughly disbelieves in the 

 theory of Brazilian glaciation. 4 Professor James Orton's papers 

 in which he controverts the glacial hypothesis in so far as it relates 

 to the Amazon valley have been cited, while Hartt himself recog- 

 nized the mistake of Agassiz in that region. 5 Mr. James E. 

 Mills saw some of the best examples of the supposed glaciation 

 at Rio de Janeiro and spent more than a year in the highlands of 

 Brazil ; his opinion regarding what he saw has already been 

 quoted. Professor Derby in speaking of the possibility of glacia- 

 ation omits all reference to the phenomena upon which Agassiz 

 and Hartt placed so much stress, namely, those in the mountains 

 about Rio, though to my knowledge, he is perfectly familiar with 

 those phenomena. 6 



1 Trans. Geol. Soc. London, 1842, 2nd Ser. VI., 427. 



2 Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc, 1846, p. 191. 



3 Description Physique de la Republique Argentine par Dr. H. Burmeister, Paris, 

 1876, II., 393. 



4 Decomposicao dos penedos do Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 1866; Revista do Instituto 

 Historico do Brazil, 1866, XXIX., 421. 



s Am. Jour. Sci., 1871, 295. 



6 In the following references more or less doubt is expressed regarding the glacia- 

 tion of Brazil : 



The Highlands of Brazil, by Richard F. Burton, London, 1869, I., 39, II., 218. 

 The Amazon and Madeira Rivers, by Franz Keller, New York, 1874, 47- Fifteen 

 Thousand Miles on the Amazon, by Brown and Lidstone, London, 1878, 42. Brazil, 

 the Amazon and the Coast, by Herbert H. Smith, New York, 1879, 634. Glaciers, 

 by Shaler and Davis, Boston, 1881, 47. A Geographia Physica do Brazil por J. E. 

 Wappeus, Rio de Janeiro, 1884, 55. Pre-historic America, by the Marquis de 

 Nadaillac, edited by W. H. Dall, London, 1885, 18, foot note. Report on Coffee 

 Culture, by C. F. Van Delden Larene, London, 1885, 24. Le Pays des Amazones 

 par F. J. de Santa-Ana Nery, Paris, 1885, 36. A Year in Brazil, by H. C. Dent, 



