S6o THE JOURNAL OE GEOLOGY. 



the Verein zur Verbreitung naturwissenschaftlicher Kenntnisse in Vienna, 

 now in its thirty-third year. The essays may be had separately, and a 

 table of contents of the thirty odd volumes may be procured from the 

 publisher, Holzel, for a nominal price ; from this one may select such 

 numbers as he wishes. Recent volumes contain articles by Suess, 

 Ueber die Structur Europas, from which the geological traveler may 

 gain a breadth of view that will greatly profit him ; by Penk, on Das 

 Oesterreichische Alpenvorland, and Die Donau (Danube), from which 

 more local views 'may be gathered of equal value in closer studies. 

 Dr. Bohm's essay is a well-argued presentation of the belief that even 

 the greater Swiss lakes, as well as nearly all the smaller ones, are the 

 result of glacial erosion. He justly emphasizes the moderate propor- 

 tion of depth to length in even the deepest of the marginal lakes ; and 

 the location of these lakes with respect to the greater glacier which 

 formerly emerged from the Alpine valleys on the Piedmont districts. 

 Even in those valleys where no marginal lakes now exist, as in the valleys 

 of the Lech, Inn, Salzach, and others, rivers emerging from the north- 

 eastern Alps, there have recently been lakes, but their basins are now 

 filled and drained by the active streams that traverse them. The high 

 level lakes, held in rock basins and enclosed by mountain cirques 

 (Karen), are with even more confidence ascribed to glacial action. 

 Many of the smaller lakes have been extinguished already since the 

 glacial period. In the Tyrol, no less than 118 lakes recorded on the 

 maps of the last century, are now drained. In this relation, the Alpine 

 valleys seemed to have advanced further towards recovery from the 

 glacial accident to which they have been subjected than the Norwegian 

 streams; for in Norway, many a river is still only a string of lakes. 

 It is notable that drumlins are not mentioned by Dr. Bohm as char- 

 acteristic products of glacial action ; hence we must infer that they are 

 seldom seen in Continental Europe. Wm. M. Davis. 



