PRE] \' i: i\ 



i their similar cb - nrc not derived by direct inheritance 



from the common ancestor, in which all the forma ssarily similar and primitive, 



ndependentlj of hereditary influences in the different 

 and also in all formations independently <>i chronological >>r chorological distribution, 

 rotation of similar morphological changes in the forms of different genetic 

 - must be i a the similar rea - common organism in 



ir generally distributed physical causes active in the Bame habitat, 

 ami are thi ily .similar t<> each other, though in different genetic 



rhole, they maj express the geueral tendencies i>t modification, due to 



I the common-radical and common organization while spreading in all direc- 



i » < 1 indifferent genetic lines i" respond to similar physical causes, and 1 t tluir 



ements with suitable changes. They are, therefore, structural equivali 

 otln-r in different series, and functional oquiraleuta "i the general requirements ul the 

 environment or habitat, or, in other words, purely vhyt 



7. .'/ /' .. — Differentials are absent in the first members of series, 



<>n first appearance in t h.-ir descendants transient, but afterwards tend i" I ome inva- 



, or fixed in the - ries, being perpetuated by direct inheritance in - 



They finally often disappear in the retrogressive or highest 



anil last urring mei in aberrant forms when on the Bame level. 



rhey li:n <■ no determin i, but are usually more or less isolated 



modifications, and arise first in individuals or varieties, but afterwards become characteristic 

 ul finally of the major part of the direct line in species, nr descendent - 



strictly adaptive, variable characteristics, and not directed in 



>r development bj any more or less invariable law of successive modi- 



obological equivalents. We have failed in finding any differentials 



I importance whose prepotencc as hereditary characteristics could not be accounted 



i'>r by the and disuse in < nection with lialiits. The differentials of small 



ind families, which we have not been able t" analyze thoroughly, 

 in nt individual animals upon each other, nr, in 

 other words, t.» natural selection. 



10. be separated from other characteristics of the Bame 



of their behavior in Beries, but cannot 



I from the stud) of other situs; whereas, morphological equiva- 



: '.\itli the - ■ i t \ a> tip .>i cycles in physical 



phenomena. Th anj new - \ lutiloids or Ammonoids, that, the 



similar, the} will, whenever or wherever found, tend to develop arcuate, 



dal and finally involute forms in progref -. and 



11. I /' nt. — All modifications and variations in i 



tend to app n the adolescent or adult b( rowth, and then to be 



anil eai I ling to the law of 



.until thej me embryonic, or are crowded out "t the o 



ami replaced in tho development 



1 .' '• M - which tend to appear in the old age ol the individual 



ficationa taking place in patholo{ 

 i>f nil p however pi 



forms, then that 



the place 

 •if the nplctel) replacing them. P 



imeiit ni I 



