68 BREWSTER’S WARBLER. 
bronchialis and lawrencei were dichromatic phases — the former a leucochroic 
or white phase of pinus, the latter a xanthochroic or yellow phase of chrysoptera. 
Dr. Bishop in the Auk, 1905, 22, p. 21-24 adopts Ridgway’s theory that 
leucobronchialis is a white color-phase of pinus but sticks to the older belief 
that lawrencei is a hybrid. 
The old notion that leucobronchialis is a true species has been pretty gen- 
erally abandoned although it is still held by Messrs. C. J. Maynard and W. E. D. 
Scott. Mr. Maynard (Birds of Eastern North America, Revised Edition, 1896, 
p. 577-578, Warblers of New England, 1904, p. 83-88) believes that Brewster’s 
and Lawrence’s Warblers are both species of very recent origin, which have 
arisen as offshoots from H. chrysoptera. The late Mr. Scott on the other hand 
(Science, 1905, 22, p. 273-281) thought that the two lately-evolved species had 
originated as mutants from H. pinus. 
Finally, Dr. C. W. Townsend, in the Auk, 1908, 25, p. 65-68, as an alterna- 
tive to the theory of the hybrid origin of Brewster’s Warbler, suggests the 
possibility of its being an atavistic phase of the Golden-wing which may perhaps 
in some cases develop a black throat in the second-winter plumage, like a Red- 
start (Setophaga ruticilla). 
I do not see that there is anything left for a new aspirant to honors in 
guessing unless it be the conjecture that Helminthophila pinus and Helmintho- 
phila chrysoptera are themselves nothing but southern and northern dichromatic 
forms of one and the same species! 
The published observations that have any bearing on the status of Brewster’s 
and Lawrence’s Warblers fall naturally into two categories: first, direct observa- 
tions indicating the nuptial alliances of either Brewster’s or Lawrence’s Warblers, 
or of the Blue-winged with the Golden-winged Warbler; second, observations of 
young birds one of whose parents alone was seen but whose plumage nevertheless 
betokened a mixed parentage. To the first category belong the following: 
1. Chapman, Auk, 1887, 4, p. 348. Englewood, N. J. Leucobronchialis 9°, 
shot, June 26, 1887. At the same time and place a pinus &@ feeds four 
young, three of which were shot and proved to be pinus. [These young 
are well along in their autumn plumage and are certainly pinus. The 
leucobronchialis was of course probably their mother.] 
2. Eames, Auk, 1888, 5, p. 427. Seymour, Conn. Leucobronchialis # and 
pinus (2?) associated together, June 3 et seqq., 1888, the only Helmin- 
thophilae seen in the locality. 
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