EXTERNAL CHARACTERS. 259 
ciently known, so that although doubtless enough to entitle it to separate rank 
I am unable here to give them in detail. 
I would recognize but one living form of Proechidna and one fossil, with 
the following synonymy. 
Zaglossus bruijnii bruijnii (Perers and Doria). 
Tachyglossus bruijnii Pnters and Dorta, Ann. Mus. civ. storia nat. Genova, 1876, 9, p. 183. 
Zaglossus bruijnii Gi, Ann. rec. sci. and industry, 1877, p. clxxi. 
Acanthoglossus bruijnii Gervais, Compt. rend. Acad. sci. Paris, 1877, p. 837. 
Proechidna bruijnii Gervais, Ostéogr. des monotrémes, 1877 ’78, fase. 1, p. 43. 
Bruynia tridactyla Dusots, Bull. Soe. zool. de France, 1881, 6, p. 266. 
Bruijnia bruijnii THomas, Zool. record, 1882, 19; Mammalia, p. 40. 
Echidna (Acanthoglossus) bruijnii Murie, Journ. Linn. soc. London, 1879, 14, p. 413. 
Echidna bruijnii FLowrr and Garson, Cat. Mus. roy. coll. surgeons, pt. 2, 1884, p. 753. 
Proechidna villosissima Durots, Bull. Mus. roy. hist. nat. Belg., 1884, 3, p. 110. 
Proechidna nigroaculeata RoTHSCHILD, Proce. Zool. soc. London, 1892, p. 545. 
Zaglossus bruijnii villosissima RotuscuiLp, Novitates zoologicae, 1905, 12, p. 305. 
Zaglossus bruijnii nigroaculeata RoruscHiLD, Novitates zoologicae, 1905, 12, p. 305. 
Proechidna novaeguineae and Proechidna leucocephalus Rotuscuiip, Proc. Zool. soc. London, 1892, 
p. 546 (nomina nuda, quoted from a dealer’s catalogue). 
Acanthoglossus brutjnit bartoni THomas, Ann. mag. nat. hist., 1907, ser. 7, 20, p. 293. 
Acanthoglossus goodfellowi THomas, Ann. mag. nat. hist., 1907, ser. 7, 20, p. 498. 
Habitat: Papua. 
{+ Zaglossus oweni (KReEFrt). 
Echidna owenti.Krerrt, Ann. mag. nat. hist., 1868, ser. 4, 1, p. 114. 
Echidna ramsayi OWEN, Phil. trans. Roy. soc. London, 1884, 175, p. 273. 
Extinct: Australia, New South Wales; remains in Wellington bone and 
breccia caves. 
Attention may be called at this point to the studies of Toldt (1905, 1906) 
on the hair and spines of the Proechidna. He points out what may fairly be 
considered a generic difference in the character of the spines of the Proechidna 
as compared with the Echidna. For while in the latter they are thin-walled, 
with a relatively large lumen and long tapering point, in the Proechidna they 
are blunter and much more solid, with a very small central lumen. Toldt shows 
that a light-colored spine may have a concealed layer of dark pigment near its 
core; other spines are without pigment, and others again appear dark-pigmented. 
This, however, is a matter of individual variation for both light and dark spines 
may occur in the same animal or one or the other sort may predominate. The 
color of the spines, on which Rothschild seems mainly to have based his race 
nigroaculeata, can therefore have no systematic significance in this case. Toldt, 
however, prefers to consider his dark-spined individual nigroaculeata. The 
transition from hairs to various forms of spines is well brought out by this 
