MUSCULATURE. 261 
fibers of opposite sides, passing diagonally posteriorly and dorsally from the 
venter, meet along the median line. Here there is a narrow area devoid of spines 
that runs the length of the vertebral column. On the fore limbs thé fibers extend 
to the carpus externally, but not quite so far on the radial side. They insert 
for a space of about 20 mm. on the distal ulnar margin and pass also into the 
fascia covering the hand. Posteriorly the fibers encircle the lower leg, below 
the knee and similarly become confluent with the fascia investing the extremity 
of the leg. 
The following secondary attachments were found:— (1) a small muscular 
bundle, rather triangular in section, and divisible into two main strands, arises 
by a flat tendon from the posterior tuberosity of the head of the humerus, 
slightly internal to the insertion of the pectoralis, and passes dorsad and caudad 
some 65 mm. to the dorsolateral portion of the panniculus, with the fibers of 
which it becomes united. his is the dermo-brachialis posterior of Fewkes. 
(2) A smaller and more nearly cylindrical muscle takes origin by a separate 
tendon just external to the last, from the posterior tuberosity of the humerus; 
it is of about the same length, but curves distinctly cephalad. Its fibers run 
forward into those of the panniculus at about the position of the large spines 
on the fore shoulder. Fewkes names this muscle the dermo-brachialis anterior. 
(3) A thin sheet of muscle which appears to be the dermo-cervicis triangularis 
spreads over the back of the neck and inserts with the panniculus into the distal 
part of the ulna. The two muscles of opposite sides are continuous dorsally 
through a thin aponeurosis. 
(4) What Fewkes has called a dermo-dorsi cervicalis in the Echidna exists 
also in Zaglossus (Plate 1, fig. 1,m). It arises just back of the shoulder by mus- 
cular strands from the eighth and ninth ribs, and is connected by aponeurosis 
with the posterior ends of the trapezius and the latissimus dorsi. These strands 
unite to form a flat muscle about 70 mm. long and 17 mm. wide at the point of 
insertion into the dorsal part of the panniculus. It passes anteriorly before 
uniting with the latter, and then expands to a width of some 34 mm. The 
muscles of opposite sides apparently do not unite to form an ellipse on the back 
such as Fewkes describes for the Echidna, but at their anterior approximation 
the two muscles are separated by about 10mm. They are more or less intimately 
connected, however, with a thin sheet of non-muscular tissue that covers the 
dorsum. This sheet is attached along either side at about 30 mm. from the 
midline, from the eleventh rib and medially from the eleventh dorsal spine 
posteriorly. Toward the sides of the body it becomes thickened with fat and 
