VISCERAL ANATOMY. 285 
walls, and from the internal face of this reservoir, as traced by injecting, pass 
four or five secondary canals that open directly on the floor of the mouth. In 
the Echidna there appears to be no such reservoir but the openings of the duct 
are more numerous, and lie in a single straight line from the base of the tongue 
to the symphysis. The same author describes a second part of the submaxillary 
gland in the Echidna, a superficial glandular mass, a little larger than the paro- 
tid, placed immediately under the skin, against the pectoral muscle. Its long 
duct runs forward to join that of the deeper submaxillary. I was unable to 
discover any trace of such a duct in the Proechidna. Viallanes also describes 
parotid glands in the Echidna rather far to the rear of the auditory conduit, 
and a sublingual gland in both Echidna and Proechidna that opens by a number 
of ducts into the floor of the mouth. The great development of the salivary 
glands in these and other ant-eating animals, as Tamandua, and the Golden- 
winged woodpecker, is doubtless an adaptation, perhaps for neutralizing the 
large amount of formic acid in the ants on which they feed. 
The stomach of the specimen dissected is globular, about 70 mm. in trans- 
verse by 50 mm. in longitudinal diameter, with the oesophagus and pylorus 
only about 30 mm. apart. The small intestine measured about 2,450 mm., the 
large intestine about 480. The caecum (Plate 2, fig. 5) is short and with a 
rounded compressed tip. Its extreme length is 12 mm., its greatest diameter 
about 5.5. Its appearance seems almost identical with that of the Echidna. 
The liver is large and rather thick. The left lateral lobe is rounded and 
simple, about 50 mm. in diameter and 20 thick. The right lateral lobe is of 
nearly the same size, but more elliptical in outline. Its cranial lobe is simple, 
thick, and rounded. Upon it lies the caudal portion which is of about two 
thirds its bulk and hollowed slightly at the posterior surface to receive the right 
kidney. The Spigelian lobe is stout and well developed, nearly an equilateral 
triangle in outline. The median lobe of the liver is the largest. Its cranial 
surface is undivided but its caudal surface is traversed by a deep furrow that 
divides it into a left median lobe and a cystic in which the gall bladder is super- 
ficially placed. This latter in the young specimen studied, is small and pyri- 
form, about 20 mm. long by 12 in greatest diameter. In an adult animal it is 
more than twice these dimensions and of an elliptical outline, with the long axis 
at right angles to that of the body. The bile duct runs into the substance 
of the pancreas where it receives the short pancreatic duct about 2 em. before 
it enters the small intestine at about the same distance from the pylorus. 
The pancreas itself is flattened and oval, of rather firm consistency, and 
