CRAYFISHES. 399 
to separate C. monongalensis from C. carolinus, viz., the uniserial disposition 
of the spines on the lower face of the merus of the cheliped, and the colour. 
So, with a broader overlook of the geographical variations of these interest- 
ing forms it would seem to be more logical to consider C. carolinus Erichs., C. 
dubius Fax. and C. monongalensis Ortm. as three geographical races, or subspecies 
of one species. The three subspecies may be distinguished by means of the sub- 
joined key :— 
Lower face of merus 
with only one row of spines 
developed. Colour, blue. ‘ : ; ; ‘ : : C. carolinus monongalensis (Ortm.) 
Margins of rostrum distinctly con- 
vergent; outer margin of hand 
rounded, not serrated; more than 
one spine on inner margin of the 
Lower face of merus ; : ‘ 
hand.. . ; ; 5 . : C. carolinus carolinus Erichs. 
with two rows of spines 
eveloped. lour, red. : 
develope CUS Rostrum broader with nearly par- 
allel margins; outer margin of 
hand subserrate; only one spine 
on inner margin of the hand . 0 C. carolinus dubius Fax. 
The geographical range of C. c. monongalensis, so far as it has been worked 
out by Dr. Ortmann, has been given above. More exploration is needed to 
elucidate the dispersal of the typical C. carolinus. The type locality is near 
Greenville, Greenville Co., 8. C. The specimen in the U. 8. National Museum, 
collected by James Mooney and described above, came from Swain or Jackson 
Co., western North Carolina. Ortmann (Mem. Carnegie Mus., 2, p. 397) men- 
tions some specimens in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 
collected by Prof. J. P. Moore at Blowing Rock, Watauga Co., N. C., which 
have a narrower rostrum than C. c. dubius, and are therefore probably C. c. 
carolinus. 
Specimens collected by Mr. H. G. Hubbard at Pennington’s Gap, Lee Co., 
Va. (M. C. Z., No. 3,489) and by myself at Cumberland Gap, at the junction 
of the three states of Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee (M. C. Z., No. 3,594) 
are too young to determine subspecifically with assurance, but they appear to 
be C. c. dubius. The form spread over the southwestern parts of West Virginia, 
as has been pointed out (p. 397) is more or less intermediate between carolinus 
and dubius, while the pure C. c. dubius has been reported from Westmoreland, 
Fayette, and Somerset Cos., Pa., Garrett Co., Md., and Preston, Tucker, and 
Mineral Cos., W. Va. 
