CARCHARIAS TAURUS. 25 



space between the dorsals, end reaching Httle below the second dorsal. Second 

 dorsal like the first in shape, little shorter, base equal three fourths of its distance 

 from that of the first dorsal, anterior two thirds in front of that of the anal. 

 Anal like the second dorsal, base half its length from the caudal. Depth of 

 caudal two fifths of its length, upper margin curved, vertebral uxis little raised, 

 length nearly one third of the total length. Outhnes, proportions and markings 

 resembling those of C. taurus, front edges of fins more curved, teeth smaller and 

 without the basal denticle, and caudal rather more deep. Caudal peduncle 

 compressed, without lateral keels. Total length 38, snout to abdominal pores 

 19, snout to first dorsal 14, snout to fifth gill opening 8i, snout to mouth 2, and 

 length of caudal 12 inches. 



Greyish or ashy brown, irregularly spotted with rusty brown; lighter on 

 the lower surfaces; borders of fins blackish. 



Japan. Alan Owston. 



CaRCHARIAS TAURUS. 



Plate 6, fig. 1-3; Plate 41 (brain); Plate 51, fig. 7 (intestine). 



Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810, Caratteri, p. 10, pi. 14, f. 1; Ind., p. 46. 



Squalus americanus Mitch., 1815, N. Y. lit. & philos. trans., 1, p. 483 (non Gmelin, 1789). 



Squalus litloralis Mitch., 1818, Amer. mo. mag., 2, p. 328; Lbsueur, 1818, Journ. Acad. nat. sci. Phil., 



l,p.224. 

 Squalus rnacrodous Mitch., 1818, Amer. mo. mag., 2, p. 328. 

 Triglochis taurus Mijller, & Henle, 1837, Sitzb. Akad. wiss. Berlin, p. 114; Wiegm. arch., p. 386; 



Canestrini, 1872, Ital. pesci, p. 44. 

 Odontaspis taurus Muller & Henle, 1841, Plagios., p. 73; Dumeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 417; Moreau, 



1881, Poiss. France, 1, p. 291; Doderlein, 1881, Man. ittiol. Medit., 2, p. 58. 

 Carcharias Uttoralis De Kay, 1842, N. Y. fish., p. 351; Storer, 1846, Mem. Amer. acad., new ser., 2, p. 



503. 

 Carcharias griseus Ayres, 1843, Bost. jom-n. nat. hist., 4, p. 288, pi. 12, f. 4; Storer, 1867, Mass. 



fishes, p. 241, pi. 36, f. 1. 

 Odontaspis americanus Abbott, 1861, Proc. Acad. nat. sci. Phil., p. 400; Dumeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 419; 



GtJNTH., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 392 (part). 

 Eugomphodus griseus Gill, 1861, Proc. Acad. nat. .sci. Phil., p. 60 extra. 

 Eugomphodus Uttoralis Gill, 1864, Proc. Acad. nat. sci., Phil., p. 260. 

 Carcharias americanus Jordan & Gilbert, 1883, Bull. 16, U. S. nat. mus., p. 27. 

 Odontaspis Uttoralis Jordan & Gilbert, 1883, ibid., p. 874. 

 Carcharias {Eugomphodus) Uttoralis Jord. & Everm., 1896, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., p. 46. 



Body robust; head depressed; snout short, tapering, blunted on the end. 

 Nostrils transverse, anterior valve with a somewhat produced lobe near the 

 inner edge. Mouth large, length nearly equal width, arched in the forward 

 portion; lower labial fold nearly one third of the length of the jaw, upper 

 fold rudimentary, hidden. Teeth slender, lanceolate, crooked, in ^qi^ rows; 

 bases two rooted, with a denticle at each side of the cusp; first upper tooth 

 smaller than the second, fourth small; first lower small. Eye small, length of 



