30 THE PLAGIOSTOMIA. 



VULPECULIDAE. 



Body fusiform; head short, rounded; tail very long. Mouth arched, with 

 labial folds. Eyes without a nictitating membrane or fold. Spiracles present. 

 Gill openings five, moderate. Pectorals large; first dorsal above the space 

 between the pectorals and the ventrals. A pit at the root of the caudal; verte- 

 bral axis raised in the tail; no lateral keels on the caudal peduncle. 



VULPECULA. 



Vulpecula Valmont, 1768, Diet. hist, nat., 3, p. 740. 



Alopias Rafinesque, 1810, Caratteri, p. 12. 



Alopecias Muller & Henle, 1837, Sltzb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 114, Wiegm. arch., p. 397. 



Trunk shghtly compressed. Snout subconical, short, blunt. Nostrils 

 transverse. Mouth crescent-shaped. Teeth compressed, triangular, with two- 

 rooted bases and without serrations. Eyes large, pupil vertical. Spiracles 

 small, behind the eyes. Gill openings moderate, hindmost above the pectorals. 

 Pectorals subfalciform. First dorsal large; second dorsal and anal small. 

 Caudal peduncle compressed; fin very long, half or more of the total length; 

 subcaudal lobe produced. Miocene species are assigned to this genus. 



Vulpecula marina. 

 Plate 7, fig. 1-3; Plate 42, (brain). 



Simia Belon, 1553, Aquat., p. 65. 



Vulpecula Salviani, 1554, Aquat., f. 134, pi. 42; Duhamel, 1777, Traits, 3, sect. 9, p. 302, pi. 21. 



Vulpes RoNDELET, 1554, Pise, p. 387; 1558, Hist, poiss., p. 303. 



Vulpe marina Gesneh, 1558, Aquat., p. 1248; Valent., 1720, Amph. zoot., 2, p. 82, pi. 65. 



Vxdpecula marina Aldrov., 1613, Pise & Get., p. 396; Jonst., 1649, Pise, p. 27, pi. 7, f. 3; Will., 



1686, Pise, p. 54, pi. B6; Valmont, 1768, Diet. hist, nat., 3, p. 740. 

 Le Renard marin Perr., 1699, Mem. Acad, sci., 3, pi. 15, 16; Broussonet, 1780, M6m. Acad, roy., 



p. 664. 

 Squalus No. 8, Artedi, 1738, Ichthyologia, Syn., p. 96, Gen., p. 68. 

 Sea Fox Borlase, 1758, Nat. hist. Cornwall, p. 265; Brookes. 1763, Nat. hist., 3, Fishes, p. 31; 



Pennant, 1769, Zool., 3, p. 86, fig. ; Couch, 1867, Brit, fishes, 1, p. 37, pi. 7. 

 Long-tailed Shark, Pennant, 1776, Zool., 3, p. 97, pi. 14. 

 Squalus vulpinus Bonnaterre, 1788, Ichth., p. 9, pi. 85, f. 349. 

 Squalus vulpes Gmelin, 1789, Linne Syst., 1, p. 1496; Schn., 1801, Bloch Ichth., p. 127; Turton, 



1807, Fauna, p. 102; Risso, 1810, Ichth. Nice, p. 36; Mitch., 1815, N. Y. lit. & philos. trans., l,p. 



482. 

 Le Squale Renard LacepJide, 1798, Poiss., 1, p. 267. 



Alopias macrourus Rafinesque, 1810, Caratteri, p. 12; 1810, Ind. itt. Sic, p. 45. 

 Squalus (Carcharinus) vulpes Blainv., 1816, Bull. Soe philom., p. 121; 1830, Poiss. Fr., p. 94, pi. 14, 



f. 1. 

 Carcharias vulpes Guv., 1817, Reg. anim., 2, p. 126; R,isso, 1826, Hist, nat., 3, Poissons, p. 120; DeKat, 



1842, N. Y. fish., p. 348, pi. 61, f. 199; Guichenot, 1850, Expl. Alg., p. 124; Gay, 1854, Hist. 



Chile, 2, p. 363; Storer, 1867, Mass. fishes, p. 245, pi. 36, f. 3. 

 Fox Shark, Yarrell, 1836, Brit, fishes, 2, p. 379. 

 Alopecias vulpes Miiller & Henle, 1837, Sitzb. Akad. wiss. Berlin, p. 114; GIjnth., 1870, Cat. fishes 



Brit, mus., 8, p. 393; 1910, Sudsee fische, 3, p. 486. 



