CARCHARODON CARCHARIAS. 33 



Carcharodon smithii Bonapabte, 1839, Mem. Soc. sci. Neuch., 2, p. 9 extra. 



Carcharodon lamia Bonaparte, 1841, Icon. Fauna Ital., Pesci, pi. 52. 



Carcharodon rondelelii Muller & Henle, 1841, Plagios. p. 70; Dum6ril, 1865, Elasm., p. 411; Bocaoe 



& Capello, 1866, Plagios., p. 13; Gunth., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, mu.s., 8, p. 392; Doderlein, 1881, 



Man. ittiol. Medit., 2, p. 66; Jordan & Gilbert, 1883, Bull. 16, U. S. nat. mus., p. 30; Ogilby, 



1888, Cat. p. 2; Gunther, 1910, Sudsee fische, 3, 485. 

 Carcharias atwoodi Storer, 1848, Proc. Bost. .soc. nat. hist., 3, p. 72; 1867, Mass. fishes, p. 246, pi. 36, 



f. 4. • 



Carcharodon capensis A. Smith, 1849, Afr. Pisces, pi. 4. 

 Carcharodon carcharias Jordan & Gilbert, 1883, Bull. 16, U. S. nat. mus., p. 875; Stevenson, 1884, 



Trans. Vassar Bros, inst., 2, p. 83, pi. 1, 2; Jord. & Everm., 1896, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., p. 50; 



1905, Bull. U. S. fish, comm., 23, p. 44. 



Head little more than one fourth, body cavity more than one half, and caudal 

 less than one fifth of the total length. Snout subconlcal, little wider than deep 

 at the nostrils, blunted at the end. Nostrils small, far apart, nearer to the 

 mouth and the eye than to the end of the snout, with a very small projection 

 on the anterior valve. Eye above the front of the mouth, pupil erect. Mouth 

 wide, with labial folds. Teeth large, triangular, serrated, in if rows; upper 

 broader, third tooth on each side smaller, PI. 5, fig. 6; lower narrower and with 

 edges more concave in the cusp. Spiracle minute, behind the eye in front of 

 midway to the gill opening. Gill openings very wide, space between first and 

 second four times as wide as that between fourth and fifth, hindmost in front 

 of the pectoral. Pectorals falciform, front margin nearly twice the length of 

 base and inner edge. First dorsal moderate, entirely in front of the middle of 

 the total length, origin behind the bases of the pectorals, little longer than high. 

 Second dorsal very small, base entirely forward of that of the anal. Anal small, 

 similar to second dorsal, origin behind a vertical from the base of that fin. 

 Ventrals rather small, below the middle of the interdorsal space. Caudal 

 peduncle broader than deep, a pit above and a less developed one below. Caudal 

 fins broad, supracaudal raised and longer than the subcaudal, subcaudal lobe 

 much produced making the depth of the caudal greater than its length. Scales 

 small, tricarinate. 



Total length 86|, snout to caudal pit 69^, snout to ventrals 47, snout to 

 first dorsal 32, snout to fifth gill opening 23|, snout to first gill opening 17, 

 snout to mouth or to eye 4|, and length of caudal 16| inches. Specimen taken 

 in Massachusetts Bay. Said to reach a length of forty feet or more. 



Back slaty brown, shading to white on the sides and beneath. A black 

 spot in the axil of the pectoral is followed by white on body and fin. Fins 

 darkening backward, except ventrals, which are olive on the front portions and 

 elsewhere white. 



Seas of the temperate and the torrid zones. 



