68 THE PLAGIOSTOMIA. 



nape and the tip of the caudal and on the fins there are spots of black as large 

 as the eye or smaller. 



Off Australian coasts; near Port Jackson. 



Catulidae. 



This family contains small sharks having an anal fin and spiracles and small 

 spineless dorsal fins which are situated behind the body cavity. In one genus 

 (Pentanchus) the first dorsal has disappeared. In all of the species the mouth 

 is large and below the head, the upper lip generally hiding the lower at the angles; 

 the teeth are small, numerous, and acute and there are several series in function ; 

 the nictitating membrane is rudimentary, its office being performed by the lower 

 lid, which closes within the upper; the hindmost of the narrow gill openings are 

 above the pectorals; the scales are small and have one to several cusps, the 

 median and its keel usually being sharper; and the eggs are inclosed in horny 

 cases. 



Fossil species of Catulidae are found in the Upper Cretaceous and in later 

 formations. 



Origin of the first dorsal not in advance of the ventrals 

 labial folds on the lower jaw, none on the upper 

 anterior nasal valves with a cirrus 



ventrals of the male discrete (not concrescent) 



Poroderma (page 69) 

 anterior nasal valves with a rudimentary cirrus 



ventrals of the male concrescent . . Catulus (page 71) 



labial folds absent or rudimentary 



posterior nasal valves present . . Cephaloscyllium (page 78) 



labial folds around the angle of the mouth 

 posterior nasal valve present 

 anal and subcaudal short 



snout short ..... Halaelurus (page 81) 



anal long, subcaudal long; nostrils near the mouth 



snout short, thick . . . Parmaturus (page 88) 



posterior nasal valve rudimentary, anterior not reaching mouth 

 anal and subcaudal elongate; dorsals small 

 snout elongate, depressed 



edge of caudal with a special armature 



Pristiurus (page 91) 



