CATULUS. 71 



have, on the head, the back, the sides superiorly, and the tops of the pectorals, 

 a tint intermediate between lavender-purple and brownish purple-red, the dorsals 

 and pectorals stronger in the reddish or flesh color, and on the lower surfaces 

 generally and the caudal a yellowish gray faintly tinted with flesh-red. The 

 variety pantherinum is marked by spots and rings or enclosures; var. varie- 

 gatum by spots and longitudinal streaks. An individual from the Cape shows 

 the brown rings placed nearly in longitudinal as also to some extent in transverse 

 rows. It exhibits many of the rings divided into two, each of which is open 

 toward the other. All stages of this division are to be seen; whether it is made 

 more often vertically or longitudinally is undecided. Many of the halves 

 resemble the letter C. On Smith's figure of P. variegatum the spots are small, 

 numerous, and in some measure arranged longitudinally. Above the middle 

 of the flank they tend to form two long stripes; the fins are immaculate. The 

 figure of P. pantherinum has the fins and the head sprinkled with small maculae 

 and the body is closely marked by brown rings or enclosures of no regularity 

 in positions or shapes. Reaches three feet or more in length. 

 South Africa. 



Catulus. 



Catulus Valmont, 1768, Diet. hist, nat., 4, p. 51; A. Smith, 1837, Proc. Zool. soc. Lond., p. 85 (part). 

 Scyliorhinus Blainv., 1816, Bull. Soc. phil., p. 121 (part). 

 Scyllium Cuv., 1817, Reg. anim., 2, p. 124 (part). 



Body shorter than the tail; head and caudal short; snout short, blunt. 

 Nostrils distinct from the mouth, or, in the species in which the posterior nasal 

 valve is cirroid, with a rudimentary nasoral groove. Anterior nasal valves 

 not confluent across the internarial space, cirri absent or rudimentar}'. Spir- 

 acles small, close to the corner of the eye. Mouth large; a labial fold on the 

 lower jaw. Teeth in numerous rows, each tooth with a median larger cusp ?nd 

 one to several small lateral cusps. Gill openings small, hindmost above the 

 pectoral. Dorsals and anal small, anal the largest; caudal short. First dorsal 

 above or behind the bases of the ventrals. Ventrals of the male more or less 

 concrescent above the claspers. Fossil species from the Cretaceous and later. 



Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. 



Anterior nasal valves reaching the mouth 



posterior nasal valves cirroid ; a shallow nasoral groove 

 first dorsal behind ends of ventrals bases 



second dorsal partly above the base of the anal 



caniculus (page 72) 



