SQUALUS FERNANDINUS. 195 



Back brown, dark to reddish with or without small spots of white in two 

 rows on the upper part of each flank, placed somewhat as those of S. acanihias, 

 sometimes very few or entirely absent; lower surfaces white. Young with 

 lighter margins on the fins. 



Apparently there are two varieties of this species; one of them from the 

 North Eastern Pacific, S. sucklii, the other S. mitsukurii, from the North Western 

 or Japanese Pacific. 



SqUALUS FERNANDINUS. 



Mustelus spinax Belon, 1553, Aquat., p. 69; Salviani, 1554, Aquat., f. 136, pi. 43; Willughby, 1686, 



Pise, p. 56, pi. B 5, f. 1. 

 Galeus acanthias Aldrovandi, 1613, Pise. & Get., p. 399. 

 Sqnalus fernandinus Molina, 1782, Saggio sulla storia nat. Chili; Bonnaterre, 1788, Ichth., p. 13; 



Gmelin, 1789, Linne Syst., 1, p. 1501; Molina, 1789, Essai I'hist. nat. Chili, p. 208; 1808, Geogr. 



nat. & civ. hist. Chili., 1, p. 160; 1810, Saggio sulla storia nat. Chili, ed. 2, p. 194; Waite, 1909, 



Rec. Canterb. mus., 1, no. 2, p. 12. 

 Squalus acanthias v ax. fernandinus Walbaum, 1792, Artedi, p. 505; Donndorff, 1798, Zool. beytr., 3, 



p. 855. 

 Acanthorhinus ferdinandinus Blainv., 1816, Bull. Soc. philom., p. 121. 

 Acanthias blainvillii Risso, 1826, Hist, nat., 3, Poissons, p. 133, pi. 3, f. 6; Muller & Henle, 1841, 



Plagios, p. 84; Dumeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 438; Gunth., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 419; 



MoREAU, 1881, Poiss. France, 1, p. 345; Doderlein, 1881, Man. ittiol. Med., 2, p. 90; Macleay, 



1881, Proc. Linn. soc. N. S. W., 6, p. 367. 

 Spinax blainvillii Bonaparte, 1841, Icon. Fauna Ital., Pesci, pi. 57, f. 1; Agass., 1843, Rech. poiss. 



foss., 3, p. 61,pl. B, f. 1. 

 Spinax fernandezianus Gay, 1854, Hist. Chile, 2, p. 365; Perez, 1886, Estud., p. 10. 

 Acanthias megalops Macleay, 1881, Proc. Linn. soc. N. S. W., 6, p. 367; Ogilby, 1888, Proc. Linn. soc. 



N. S. W., ser. 2, 3, p. 1096; 1889, ibid., 4, p. 185. 

 Acanthias fernandezianus Philippi, 1887, Ann. Univ. Chile, 71, p. 559; extr., p. 27, pi. 4, f. 3. 

 Squalus fernandezianus Delfin, 1901, Cat. peces Chile, p 21. 

 Squalus megalops Waite, 1901, Rec. Austr. mus., 4, p. 33, pi. 4, f. 2; 1904, Mem. N. S. Wales nat. club, 



no. 2, p. 8; Regan, 1908, Ann. mag. nat. hist., ser. 8, 2, p. 47. 

 Squalus blainvillii Ribeiro, 1907, Arch. Mus. nac, 14, p. 168; Regan, 1908, Ann. mag. nat. hist., ser. 8, 



2, p. 47. 

 Squalus acutipinnis Regan, 1908, Ann. Natal mus., 2, p. 248, pi. 37. 

 Squalus philippinus Smith & Radcliffe, 1912, Proc. U. S. nat. mus., 41, p. 677, fig., pi. 51. 



Head broad, depressed, tapering, less than one fourth of the total length. 

 Snout less than half the head, blunt ; nostrils little nearer to the end than to the 

 mouth, anterior valve broadly rounded on the outer angle and with a short 

 angular median process on the hind margin. Length of orbit about equal the 

 width of the internarial space, little less than the length of the snout from the 

 nostrils, little more than half the width of the mouth, hind corner about half 

 way from the end of the snout to the second gill opening. Width of mouth 

 little more than two thirds of the preoral length, each angle with a deep groove 

 and with labial folds. Cutting edges of the teeth nearly parallel with the edges 

 of the jaws, upper teeth narrower. Spiracles about equidistant from the end 



