ETMOPTERUS PAESSLERI. 229 



produced. Ends of ventrals reaching little behind the spine of the second dorsal. 

 Caudal less than one fourth of the total length; subcaudal deep, slightly lobed 

 anteriorly, concave and narrow posteriorly, separated from the terminal by a 

 shallow notch. Scales small, irregular, variable, diverse on different parts of the 

 body; commonly with a broad tetragonal four-pronged base under the skin, 

 and a small exposed quadrangular superstructure surrounded by a ridge with 

 or without serrations or spinules and with the hindmost angle produced in a 

 depressed spine. In some cases the crown of the scale is concave, in others 

 convex, in still others it forms a tubercle or short spine. 



Back brown; lower surfaces black. Colors, shapes, and positions of areas 

 closely resembling those of E. hillianus, Plate 10, fig. 1, and E. spinax. Inside 

 of upper forward half the orbit is heavily pigmented as an ocular shield. Inside 

 of mouth black. 



Total length of a specimen from Madeira ll|, snout to vent 7, snout to 

 first dorsal 4i, snout to pectoral 3|, snout to mouth I5, and caudal 2| inches. 



Madeira; Japan. 



EtMOPTERUS PAESSLERI. 



Etmopterus paessleri Lonnberg, 1907, Hamb. magal. saramelreise, Fische, p. 5, fig. 1; Regan, 1908, 

 Ann. mag. nat. hist., ser. 8, 2, p. 43. 



Head broad, more than one fifth of the total length. Snout short, measured 

 from the eye, three tenths or a little more of the length of the head, nostrils 

 about midway from the end to the orbit. Hind corner of the orbit above the 

 angle of the mouth, midway from the end of the snout to the pectorals. Upper 

 teeth with a long, projecting median cusp, lateral cusps indistinct. Spiracle 

 large, equidistant from the middle of the eye and the first gill opening. Fore- 

 most and hindmost gill openings nearly equal, about as wide as the spiracles. 

 Dorsal spines small, distance between them about equal that between the fore- 

 most and the spiracle; neither reaches half the height of its fin; exposed portions 

 short. Spine of first dorsal little behind the hind border of the pectoral; spine 

 of second nearly above the ends of the bases of the ventrals. Distance between 

 the end of the base of the second dorsal and the end of the caudal about as long 

 as that from the first dorsal to the end of the snout. Skin, except on the lips, 

 covered with small placoid scales, each of which has a central larger spine and 

 several smaller lateral spines. Closely allied to E. granulosus. 



Black. 



Smyth Channel, Strait of Magellan. 



