RAIA RADIATA. 325 



spots of brown. Bases of pectorals marked by a large yellow-edged blue-centered 

 spot of black. Lighter yellowish along the anterior margins and at the sides 

 of the rostral ridges. A dark spot below the end of the snout. 



Specimen described a fully mature male from Nice. Total length 17, snout 

 to abdominal pores 7.5, snout to mouth 2, and greatest width 10 inches. 



Off coasts of southern Europe. 



Raia maderensis. 



Raia maderensis Lowe, 1841, Trans. Zool. soc. Lond., 2, p. 195, 1843, Proc. Zool. soc. Lond., 11, p. 94; 

 Valenciennes, 1843, Ichth. Canar., p. 100, pi. 25; Dumeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 545; Gunth., 1870, 

 Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 459. 



Rhomboid, broader than long, anterior angle httle more than 90°, httle 

 more than outer angles, anterior margins nearly straight. Snout elongate, 

 length about twice the interspiracular width, produced sharp. Distance between 

 the nostrils, nearly equal their distance from the end of the snout. Teeth sharp, 

 rows about 44 (39-44). Minute spines over entire body; small tubercules in 

 front of and behind each orbit, one on each shoulder, and in a median series on 

 back and tail, older examples with lateral rows more or less complete on the tail. 

 Tail slender, longer than the body ; produced behind the second dorsal. Dorsals 

 separated by a space with tubercles. Total length 14.5, snout to pores 6.25, 

 snout to mouth 1.875, and greatest width 9.5 inches. 



Back brown with numerous rounded spots of lighter, larger behind the 

 head above the abdomen. 



Madeira and the Canaries. 



Raia radiata. 



Raia fullonica Fabricius 1780, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 125; Faber, 1829, Fische Islands, p. 38. 

 Raia radiala Donovan, 1807, Br. fish., 5, pi. 114; Fleming, 1828, Brit, anim., p. 170; Jenyns, 1835, 



Man., p. 517; Yarrell, 1836, Brit, fishes, 2, p. 439; Wright, Fries, Ekstrom, 1836, Skand. 



fish., p. 100, pi. 43; Farnell, 1838, Mem. Wern. soc, 7, p. 439, pi. 43, f. 2; Fries, 1839, Vet. 



akad. Handl., p. 146, pi. 3, f. 4; McCoy, 1841, Ann. mag. nat. hist. 6, p. 405; Muller & Henle, 



1841, Plagios., p. 137; Kroyer, 1853, Danm. fiske, p. 938; Nilsson, 1855, Fisk. Skand., 4, p. 736; 



Couch, 1865, Brit, fishes, 1, p. 103, pi. 23; Dumeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 531; Gunth., 1870, Cat. 



fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 460; Day, 1884, Brit, fishes, 2, p. 347, pi. 73; Jensen, 1907, Dan. fiske, p. 326, 



pi. 30, f. 2. 

 Raia clavala Hollberg, 1822, Goth. vet. Handl., 4, p. 29. 

 Amblyraya radiata Malm, 1877, Goteb. och Bohus. fauna, p. 607. 



Shape of disk similar to that of R. scabrata, Plate 21, perhaps a Httle more 

 rounded. Snout angle obtuse, length in front of mouth about one and one half 

 times the width of the internarial space. Teeth small, shai'p, in 41-45 series 



