RAIA MACRORHYNCHUS. 333 



abdominal pores 5.75, snout to mouth 2.125, and greatest width 8.75 inches. 

 Said to reach a length of seven feet or more. 

 Off coasts of Europe. 



Raia acus. 



The sharp-nosed ray Pennant, 1769, ZooL, 3, p. 64; Yarrell, 1836, Brit, fishes, 2, p. 424. 



Raia acus Lac^pede, 1803, Poissons, 5, p. 662. 



Raia oxyrinchus Montagu, 1815, Mem. Wern. soc, 2, p. 423; Jenyns, 1835, Man., p. 511; Day, 1884, 



Brit, fishes, 2, pi. 169. 

 Raia vomer Fries, 1838, Vet. akad. Handl., p. 161; MtJLLER & Henle, 1841, Plagios., p. 144; Kroyer, 



1853, Danm. fiske, 3, p. 1011; Malm, 1857, Ofvers. Vet. akad. Forhl., p. 193; Dumeril, 1865, 



Elasm., p. 571; GiInth., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 468. 

 Long-nosed skate Couch, 1867, Brit, fishes, 1, p. 93, pi. 19. 



Similar in shape to R. oxyrhynchus, but differing somewhat in armature 

 and coloration. Length of disk including the ventrals about equal to the width, 

 anterior margins much indented, snout very long, nearly six times the inter- 

 orbital space, pointed; outer angles rather less than 90°, blunted at the apices^ 

 posterior angles little larger. Mouth curved; teeth in about 46 rows, in a 

 specimen four feet in length, each tooth with a sharp prominent keel, sharper 

 in the male. Ventrals deeply notched. Tail strong, depressed, shorter than 

 the disk. Disk rough with minute scales; tail with a series of sharp compressed 

 tubercles along each side, individuals also acquiring with age scattered tubercles 

 or a series on the median line. Very young smooth. Reaches a length of six 

 feet or more. 



Back brown, with scattered small spots of lighter or of darker or of both, 

 becoming more uniform with age. 



Though apparently reaching a much greater size, this species is so closely 

 allied to R. oxyrhynchus that it is difficult to separate them in many cases. 



Northern Europe. 



Raia macrorhynchus. 



Raia o^vpvyxo^ Rondelet, 1554, Pise, 347; 1558, Hist, poiss., p. 274. 



Raia macrorynchus'RAFiN'E.SQVE, 1810, Caratteri, p. 15; Indice, p. 47; Dumeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 566; 



GtJNTH., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 468; Moreau, 1881, Poiss. Fiance, 1, p. 405; Doderlein, 



1881, Man. ittiol. Medit., 3, p. 156; Day, 1884, Brit, fishes, 2, p. 338, pi. 167. 

 Raia mucossissima Nardo, 1827, Prod. Adriat. Ichthy., p. 8. 



The flapper skate Parnell, 1838, Mem. Wern. soc, 7, p. 249; Yarrell, 1839, Brit, fishes, Suppl., p. GG. 

 i?aia intermedia Parnell, 1838, Mem. Wern. soc, 7, p. 429, pi. 40; Yarrell, 1839, Brit, fishes Suppl., 



p. 66, fig.; McCoy, 1841, Ann. mag. nat. hist., 6, p. 405; White, 1851, Cat., p. 139; Kroyer, 



1853, Danm. fiske, 3, p. 1015. 

 Laeviraia macrorhynchus Bonaparte, 1841, Icon. Fauna Ital., Pesci, pi. 63, f. 2. 



Disk rhomboid, wider than long, front angle acute, outer angles nearly 90°, 

 anterior margins deeply concave, hinder broadly rounded. Snout about six 



