DASYBATUS BRUCCO. 389 



Dasybatus pastinacus. 



Pastinaca marina Belon, 1553, Aquat., p. 94, fig.; Rondelet, 1554, Pise, 1, p. 331, fig.; Salviani, 

 1554, Aquat., f. 144; Gesner, 1558, Aquat., p. 798, fig.; Willughby, 1686, Pise, p. 67, pi. C 3. 



Rata sp. 3 & 4 Aetedi, 1738, Ichthyologia, Syn., p. 100, Gen. p. 71; Gronow, 1754, Mus., 1, p. 64, no. 

 141. 



Raia pastinaca Linn£, 1758, Syst. nat., 1, p. 232; 1766, Syst. nat., 1, p. 396; Bloch, 1787, Ausl. fische, 3, 

 p. 62, pi. 82; Bonnaterre, 1788, Ichth., p. 3, pi. 3, f. 8; Gmelin, 1789, Linnc Syst., 1, p. 1509; 

 Donovan, 1807, Br. fish., 5, pi. 99; Risso, 1810, Ichth. Nice, p. 10. 



Sting ray Pennant, 1769, Zool., 3, p. 71. 



Pastinaca Duhamel, 1782, Traite, 4, p. 282, pi. 9, f . 8. 



Dasybatus pastinaca Walbaum, 1793, Ichthyol. Enod., p. 35. 



Dasyatis pastinaca Rafinesque, 1810, Ind. itt. Sic, p. 49. 



Trygon pastinaca Cuv., 1817, Reg. anim., 2, p. 136; Fleming, 1828, Brit, anim., p. 170; Jenyns, 1835; 

 Man., p. 518; Yarrell, 1836, Brit, fishes, 2, p. 442; Parnell, 1838, Mem. Wern. soc, 7, p. 440, 

 pi. 43; MtJLLER & Henle, 1841, Plagios., p. 161; Bonaparte, 1841, Icon. Fauna Ital., Pesci, 

 Kroyer, 1853, Danm. fiske, 3, p. 1018; Nilsson, 1855, Fisk. Skand., p. 741; Kessler, 1859, Bull. 

 Soc. nat. Mosc, 2, p. 474; Dumeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 600; GtJNTH., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 

 8, p. 478; Jensen, 1907, Dan. fiske, pt. 12, p. 340, pi. 31, f. 3. 



Trygon vulgaris Risso, 1826, Hist, nat., 3, Poissons, p. 160. 



Trygon lymma Geoffroy, 1827, Descript. Egypt, 1, p. 333, pi. 27, f. 1. 



Trygonobatus pastinaca Blainv., 1830, Poiss. Fr., p. 35, pi. 6. 



Pastinaca laevis Gray, 1854, Gron. syst., p. 11. 



Trygon pastinaca var. marmorata Steindachner, 1892, Denk. Akad. wiss. Wien, 59, p. 381, pi. 4, f. 1. 



Disk subquadrangular, broader than long, anterior margins nearly straight, 

 forming an obtuse angle beyond which the tip of the snout is shghtly produced, 

 outer angles blunted, posterior angles rounded. A line crossing the widest 

 points of the disk passes a Uttle backward of midway from spiracles to shoulder 

 girdle. Head broad, rounded, width of crown half the length of snout and skull 

 about equal depth of body. Spiracles larger than the eyes. Mouth with three 

 to five papillae, width less than half the distance from the end of the snout ; teeth 

 small, It rows, sharper in males. Body smooth. Tail about one and one half 

 times the length of the disk, compressed and slender behind the spine, with a 

 short low dermal fold on the top, and a longer better developed one below origi- 

 nating opposite the base of the spine and ending distally in a keel. 



Reddish to brownish olive, or greyish, in cases with whitish spots; lower 

 surface white, most often with brown borders, sometimes with blotches of brown 

 below the body cavity. 



European portions of Eastern Atlantic; Mediterranean. 



Dasybatus brucco. 



Dasybatus brucco Bonaparte, 1841, Icon. Fauna Ital., Pesci, pi. 73; MtJLLER & Henle, 1841, Plagios., 

 p. 162; Dumeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 602; GUnth., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 477; Doderlein, 

 1885, Man. ittiol. Medit., 3, p. 224; Moreau, 1891, Poiss. France. Suppl., p. 10. 



Disk rhomboid, nearly one fourth wider than long, anterior and outer 

 margins sUghtly convex, outer angles blunt, tip of snout a slight prominence. 



