450 THE PLAGIOSTOMIA. 



tail more than twice length of disk 



teeth bands ending a short distance from angles 

 Tail about as long as the disk 



teeth bands two thirds width of mouth . 

 tail much longer than the body 



teeth bands occupying about half the cleft 



draco (page 451) 



kuhlii (page 452) 



hypostoma (page 453) 



MOBULA MOBULAR. 



fSqualus edenlulus Brunnich, 1768, lelithy. Massiliensis, p. 6. 



Mobular Duhamel, 1782, Traits, 4, p. 293, pi. 17. 



Rata mobular Bonnaterre, 1788, Ichth., p. 5. 



La raie mobidar Lacbpede, 1798, Poissons, 1, p. 33, 151. 



fAodon cornu Lacepede, 1798; Poissons, 1, p. 297, 300. 



Raia fabroniana Lacepede, 1800, Poissons, 2, p. 104, 111, pi. 5, f. 1. 



Raia cephaloptera Schneider, 1801, Blocli Iclith., p. 365. 



Raia giorna Lacepede, 1803, Poissons, 5, p. 662, 666, pi. 20, f. 3. 



Raia diabolus Shaw, 1804, Zool., 5, p. 291. 



Grande raia Giorna, 1805, Mem. Acad. sci. Turin, 2, p. 4 extra. 



Mobula auriculata Rafinesque, 1810, Indice, p. 48. 



Apterurus fabroni Rafinesque, 1810, Indice, p. 48. 



Cephalopterus giorna Risso, 1810, Ichth. Nice, p. 14; 1826, Hist, nat., 3, Poissons, p. 163. 



Cephalopterus massena Risso, 1810, Ichth. Nice, p. 15; 1826, Hist, nat., 3, Poissons, p. 164. 



Dicerobatus mobular Blainv., 1816, Bull. Soc. philom., p. 116; 1830, Poiss. Fr., p. 41. 



Cephaloptera giorna Cuv., 1817, Reg. anim., p. 138; Risso, 1826, Hist. nat. 3, Poissons, p. 163, pi. 5; 

 Yarrell, 1836, Brit, fishes, 2, p. 447; 1841, ibid., ed. 2, p. 595; 1859, ibid., ed. 3, p. 600; Mijller & 

 Henle, 1841, Plagios., p. 184; Valenciennes, 1843, Ichth. Canar., p. 97, pi. 22; Dumeril, 1865, 

 Elasm., p. 653; Rochebrune, 1882, Acta Soc. Linn. Bord., 36, p. 57. 



Cephaloptera Thompson, 1835, Proc. Zool. soc. London, p. 78. 



Pterocephala fabroniana McCoy, 1847, Ann. mag. nat. hist., 19, p. 176, pi. 11. 



Cephaloptera fabroniana Dumeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 658. 



Dicerobatis giornae GtJNTH., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 496. 



Disk about twice, or more than twice as wide as long; angles acute. Pec- 

 torals falciform, convex in front concave behind. Teeth minute, pointed, median 

 more rounded, bands extending to the angles of the mouth, in 150 rows or more. 

 Anterior portion of the base of the dorsal above the bases of the ventrals; ex- 

 tremities of the fins about even. Minute scales, shagreen, on the hinder portions 

 of the body. Tail more than twice the length of the body, with a serrated spine 

 behind the dorsal, rough with scales and tubercles. 



Dark brown to blue-black above; white beneath. 



Mediterranean and neighboring Atlantic. 



Mobula japanica. 



Cephaloptera japanica MtJLLER & Henle, 1841, Plagios., p. 185; Schlegel, 1850, Jap. Pisces, p. 310; 



Dumeril, 1865, Elasm. p. 659. 

 Dicerobatis japonica Gunth., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 496. 

 Mobula japonica Jordan & Fowler, 1903, Proc. U. S. nat. mus., 26, p. 666, fig. 10. 



