THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 247 



All these have the median rectrices of males entirely, or 

 almost entirely, black and, with few exceptions, only the two first 

 primaries without any red on the outer webs. (Hartert finds fault 

 with Oates in the description of this feature, but it is obvious the 

 latter meant to refer to the outer web of the primaries only). 



In birds from south of about Lat. 12° in the Malay Peninsula, 

 and in Sumatra and Borneo, it is quite the exception to find males 

 with any red on the outer web of the third primary, while the 

 median rectrices have the outer web entirely red. The first form of 

 this type to be described was P. s. xanthogaster Rafiles, from Sumatra 

 (syn. ardens Bp.,a]so from Sumatra). This race is found in Sumatra, 

 Borneo and the s uthern fourth of the Malay Peninsula, and has a 

 wing rarely, if ever, exceeding 87 mm. The fourth primary is 

 sometimes unspotted on its outer web. 



P. s. JlaTnmifer Hume (I. c. s), takes its place in the moun- 

 tains of the Malay States and Peninsular Siam, and at lower levels 

 in S. W. Siam and S. Tenasserim. It completely intergrades with 

 xanthogaster, differing only in slightly larger average size ; and in 

 having the yellow of the head of the female brighter and more 

 extensive and the rump and .upper tail coverts also yellower. South 

 of the Pakchan (type locality) the wing does not appear to exceed 

 92 mm. According to Hume ( I. c. s., p. 508 ) and Oates ( Fauna 

 Brit. Ind. Birds, i, 1889, p. 493) this race is found as far north as 

 Tavoy. 



Birds from South Annam and Cochin China, with wings 88- 

 95 mm. (incorrectly recorded by us as P. s. fraterculus, Ibis, 1919, 

 p. 452) only difi'er from j^awiTni/er in being a trifle larger and in 

 being unstable as regards the third primary ; sometimes the outer 

 web is spotted with red , sometimes not ; and occasionally it is spotted 

 in one wing and plain in the other. The characters given by 

 Gyldenstolpe for the birds from North Siam, listed under P. frater- 

 culus ( Kungl. Sv. Vet. Handl. Band 56, No. 2, 1916, p. 2 ) are not 



I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 



56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). 



J. Eobinson, Journ. F. M. S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 



K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part.. 



L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, Wl. I. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920rt). 



iii, 1919. (thirdpa ) 



VOL. V, NO. 3, 1924. 



