358 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 



fifteen specimens examined). The wings of the five Siamese speci- 

 mens before us are from 114 to 122 mm. Baker (Bull. Brit. Orn. 

 Club, xxxviii, 1918, p. 70) is of opinion that grandis is a race of 

 fuscus. With this conclusion we cannot agree on account of the 

 characters of the birds themselves : further, the two seem to occur 

 together in at least one area, i. e., Tenasserim and the north of the 

 Malay Peninsula. 



In our opinion two species of Aethiopsar are involved here :- 



(1) fuscus, with subspecies fuscus, mahrattensis, torquatus, 



(2) grandis, with subspecies grandis, javanica. 



The former is characterised by the blue base of the mandible, 

 which in grandis is yellow. 



A third Indo-Chinese species, with the base of the bill red, is 

 crlstatellus with subspecies cristatellusf alhoci actus, hrevipennis. 

 While the first two species have white under tail-coverts, in the last 

 these are black, merelj?^ tij)ped with white. 



Where Ae. infuscatus Baker (Ae. fuscus vnfiiscatus, 1. c. s.) 

 comes we are unable to say from the description given. 

 518. Aethiopsar grandis grandis (Moore). 



Acridotheres grandis, Moore, Horsf. & Moore, Cat. Birds Mus. 

 E. I. C. ii, 1854, p. 537 (Sumatra : errore. Substitute Tenas- 

 serim, fide Baker). 



Acridotheres siamensis, Swinh., P. Z. S. J 863, p. 303 (Siam) ; C. i, 

 p. 381 (Karenni). 



Aethiopsar grandis, G., p. 149 (Ratburi tt Petchaburi) ; I., p. 26 

 (Koh Lak) ; K., p. 224 (Koh Lak) ; Williamson, Journ. N. H. 

 Soc. Siam, i, 1915, p. 205 (Koh Lak). 



Aethiopsar fuscus grandis, M., p. 212 (Samkok ; Bangkok ; Meklong). 



1 d , 2 9 . Koh Lak, S. W. Siam, 6-10 April 1919 [Nos. 5108, 

 5237-8]. 



"Iris, outer ring black, inner brown ; bill orange or j'^ellow ; 

 feet pale yellow". 



Total length d , 243 ; 2 240, 243 ; wing c? , 130 ; 2 , 126, 122 ; 

 tail c? , 78 ; $ , 75, 78 : tarsus J , 37, 37.5 ; bill from gape 6 , 31 : 

 $ , 29.5, 30 mm. 



A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses. iii (Birds), 1905. 



B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel RalanKa, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. 



C. Gates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i. &ii, 1883. C. Gairdner, .Tourn. X.H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. 



D. Bonhote, P. Z. 8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Bobinson, Journ. F. M. S. Museums, v, 1915. 



JOUEN, NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. 



