80 Animal Life 
most of the northern and eastern races of the species; neither has it any distinct 
external traces of the small back-horns found in some of the eastern forms. 
As already incidentally mentioned, the typical or true Giraffa camelopardalis is the 
northern form of the species, and, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, we 
may take Nubia as the type locality. The Camelopardalis ethiopicus of Ogilby,* 
which from the absence of any sufficient description ranks as what naturalists call a 
nomen nudum, may be regarded as a synonym. The name C. sennarensis, Geoffroy 
(fide Gray), likewise lacks definition, and may therefore be disregarded. here is, 
however, the name C. antiquorwm, first employed by Swainson,t but subsequently used 
by Sir Wilham Jardine,{ which is available for the Kordofan form of the species, since 
it was especially applied by the latter writer to an animal from the district in question 
figured in a coloured plate in the volume quoted in the footnote. 
For the Cape form, which has been regarded by one recent naturalist$ as a distinct 
species, and by a second|| only as a local race, the name capensis is employed, the 
later australis being a synonym. 
For the giraffe inhabiting that district of German Hast Africa lying between Ujiji 
and Lakes Tanganyika and Nyassa the name of Guraffa tippelskirchi§| has been proposed, 
and that of G. schillingsi** for the one from the tract between Taveta and Mount 
Kilimanjaro. Both these latter are best regarded as local races rather than distinct species. 
Finally, the name Guraffa camelopardalis peralta}+ has been applied to a giraffe 
lalled at some distance from Lokoja, at the junction of the Niger and Benue rivers, 
in West Africa, on the evidence of the skull and cannon-bones. . 
With these preliminary remarks I proceed to the consideration of the specimens 
forming the special subject of this article. 
First of all with regard to the three mmmature Woburn specimens. ‘These, as 
already mentioned, came from the Egyptian Sudan, that is to say, in all probability, 
Upper Nubia. I accordingly regard them as representatives of the typical race of 
Giraffa camelopardalis; and I may add that, so far as my recollection serves me, they 
agree well im general coloration with the original Nubian herd formerly living in the 
London Zoological Gardens. One of the cows is considerably smaller than the other. 
Their immaturity 1s shown not only by their stature (which at the date of the death 
of the bull fell considerably short of that of average-sized giraffes), but also by the 
conparatively small size of the main horns and the very slight development of the 
median frontal horn of the bull (Fig. 1), as well as by the light colour of all three. 
Possibly the narrowness of the network of lght limes may also be in some degree a 
feature of immaturity, but of this 1 am by no means sure. It is important to notice 
that both the cows are alike in their markings, and that the bull differs in this respect 
only by such shght details as might naturally be expected to occur in different sexes 
of the same form. So far as it goes, therefore, this resemblance tends to show that 
giraffes from the same locality are practically alike, as, deed, was to be expected. 
This is confirmed by the similarity between the two lJKordofan specimens in the 
London Zoological Gardens. 
As regards the general type of coloration of the bull, it will be noticed that 
the spots are large and quadrangular, with the intervening light lines narrow and 
* «Proc. Zool. Soc. London,” 1836, p. 184.—The older naturalists used the term Camelopardalis in the sense 
in which Giraffa is now employed. 
t “Geography and Classification of Animals,” p. 95 (1835). 
{ “Naturalist’s Library,” Vol. XXI., p. 187, pl. XNI. (1838). 
§ De Winton, “Proc. Zool. Soc. London,” 1897, p. 277. 
|| Thomas, Zbid., 1901, p. 479. 
§| Matschit, ‘ Sitzungsberichte Ges, Naturfor. Berlin,” 1898, p. 77. 
Ge Weyl, 1b TS), 
t{ Thomas, “ Proc. Zool. Soc. London.” 1898, p. 40, 
