Fig. 
4._ 1TED CORMORANT. 
The Identification of Birds 143 
SURFACE-FEEDING WATERFOWL. 
With wings of varying length and more or less webbed 
front toes; many of them feed much ashore, but al] 
swim at times. 
The Ducks (Anatide), including Geese, Swans, 
\ and Mergansers, have a straight bill, with teeth 
Fig. 
GRE 
Fig, 5. SHOVELLER DUCK. than one 
. or outstanding ridges along the edge of both 
jaws, and covered with skin, instead of horn as 
in most birds; the feet have a small hind-toe. 
(Fig. 5). 
2. 
e N.b.—The Magpie Goose of Australia (Anser- 
cRESTED anas melanoleucus) has a large hind-toe and only 
GREBE. 
small webs to the front toes; but its bill shows 
ridges, though small ones. Many of the geese 
seldom enter the water, and many ducks con- 
<< stantly dive, but they do not resemble the true 
\. diving-birds. 
The Pelicans (Pelecanide) have a very long 
beak, hooked at the tip, with the lower jaw 
supporting a great pouch. All four toes are 
webbed together, and the tail is short, and thus, 
with the long bill, separates them from the other 
birds (gannets, cormorants, &c.) with similarly con- 
structed feet. 
The Flamingoes (Phenicopteride@) have exces- 
sively long legs, with webbed front toes, and the hind-toe 
small and useless, or absent altogether. The bill is 
short, with the lower jaw much stouter than the 
upper, and both edged with ridges, as in the ducks; 
it is bent down at an obtuse angle in the middle 
in a way which renders it strikingly different from 
the beak of any other birds. 
The Screamers (Palamedeid@) are large birds with 
fowl-like heads and all 
the toes long, with a yan oS 
short web between the L ee bes 
two outer front ones. ey Jey” iS 
The wings are large sj 
and armed at 
ax the bend with NS 
iN two spurs—a 
\ feature dis- 
tinguishing 
them from all 
other birds, 
since no other 
spur-winged 
bird has more 
FULMAR PETREL. 
weapon on 
each wing. 
