188 Animal Life 
to time dredged from deep waters. The second discovery relates to a peculiar habit of 
fresh-water limpets (Ancylws) inhabiting certain parts of the Chaco country of Argentina. 
In summer the streams and ponds dry up in these districts, and in order to withstand 
the drought the limpets grow a large plate, closing up the whole of the open lower 
part of the shell with the exception of a small round aperture over the lungs. 
Passing on to insects, attention may first be directed to the “Catalogue of Tsetse 
Flies in the British Museum,” by Mr. HE. H. Austen, which is the first attempt to 
give a full and adequate account of these pests, by whose agency the dreaded nagana 
disease is communicated to cattle. Several species of these flies are now known to 
exist, most or all of which are illustrated in this volume. The British Museum 
has likewise issued durmg the year the third volume of the “Catalogue of 
Culicidee (Mosquitoes and Gnats),” by Mr. F. V. Theobald, of which the two previous 
volumes appeared in 1901. Among other works on insects issued durimg the year, 
attention may be directed to the fourth volume of the British Museum ‘Catalogue of 
Lepidoptera Phalene,’ in which Sir George Hampson deals with the moths of the 
family Noctuide; to W. lL. Distant’s “Insecta Transvaalensia,’ now in course of issue; 
to the account of the insects of Central America in the “ Biologia Centrali-Americana”; 
and also to the “Lepidotera Indica,’ by Mr. T. Moore. We may also notice the 
continuation of the “ Lepidoptera of the British Isles,” by Mr. C. G. Barrett; in 
connection with which may be mentioned the more popular volume by Professor 
Hulme in the Woburn Library, entitled, ‘“ Butterflies and Moths of the Country Side.” 
Reference may likewise be made to G. T. Bethune-Baker’s revision of the butterflies 
of the family Lycenide, published in the “Transactions” of the Zoological Society. 
A contribution to animal coloration is made by W. lL. Tower in the “ Decennial 
Publications” of the University of Chicago, where beetles are taken as the text, from 
which the author proceeds to insects in general. 
Of much interest is an account by Mr. A. Isuka of the periodical swarming of a 
certain species of worm in the estuaries of Japanese rivers, published in the “ Journal” 
of the College of Science of Tokyo University. Although this worm (Ceratocephale 
osawat) belongs to a different family from the true “palolo” of the Pacific, it has 
been proposed to call it the Japanese palolo. The swarming takes place at flood tide 
when the moon is at or near the full, and lasts for several nights. 
Much work has been accomplished on the imvertebrate zoology of South Africa, 
Mr. RK. Kirkpatrick, in “Marine Investigations,” describing new sponges, and Mr. G. B. 
Sowerby new shells; while, in the “Annals” of the South African Museum, Mr. Distant 
contributes notes on the bugs of the country. 
An important contribution to the study of the geographical distribution of animals 
is made m an article by Mr. R. IJ. Pocock, published in the “ Proceedings” of the 
Zoological Society, dealmg with a certain group of spiders. One conclusion arrived at 
by the author is that Madagascar is not entitled to rank as a “region” apart from the 
one formed by Africa south of the Sahara. 
In Crustacea, reference may be made to the description of the lobsters, crayfishes, 
shrimps, etc., obtained during dredgmgs in the Indian seas by Major Alcock in 
“Tllustrations of the Zoology of the Surveying Vessel ‘ Investigator.’ ” 
Students of evolution should be interested in an article by Dr. G. H. Carpenter 
on the relationships of the groups of arthropods (insects, crustaceans, spiders, millepedes, 
etc.), published in the “ Proceedings” of the Royal Irish Academy. It is concluded that 
these groups trace their ancestry to creatures allied to a ‘“ Nauplius.” 
This bref sketch may be closed by a reference to the second fasciculus of the first 
volume of lLankester’s “Treatise on Zoology,’ containing, among other matter, a 
dissertation by Prof. Minchin on the Sporozoa, which include the malaria parasite. 
