Traces of Animal Habits Zee 
only one constantly, and that is on the forehead, and one occasionally, in Burchell’s 
zebra, at the root of the neck. In addition to their scanty number, those the zebra does 
show are small and insignificant. Yet the zebras are fleet of foot, but they trot and 
gallop when they choose or when they need it, and not when an overlord requires it. 
These two states of life are very different affairs, and show themselves on the skins 
of the two creatures—on one positively, and on the other negatively. The zebra 
bears, for all to see, its marks of freedom—the domestic horse its badges of servitude 
to man. One is the “ceorl” and the other the “villem” of the equine family. 
The regions where the horse exhibits whorls, featherings and crests, and where 
many other hair-clad mammals have one or another of these fairly developed, are the 
muzzle, the forehead, the neck in three different parts, the chest, the axilla or hollow 
behind the shoulder, the inguinal and the gluteal, which is the rarest place of all for 
one of these features. They are all figured in the accompanymg diagrams of a 
horse, and no verbal description of them is needed here; but certaim other animals 
which present them may be shortly alluded to. 
The Kiang (Fig. 4) may be first mentioned as showing some of those registers of 
activity with which the domestic 
horse is so well supplied. This 
Asiatic wild ass is exceptionally 
fleet of foot, so much so that 
even a well-mounted rider cannot 
overtake it. From this fact 
it is evident that for certain 
private reasons best known to 
itself it has to utilise very 
largely its locomotive powers in 
the course of its wild lfe in 
the uplands of Tibet. In 
accordance with our principle of 
interpretation of whorls, feather- 
ings and crests, we find on 
its hairy coat decided evidence 
of great locomotive powers, and 
practice of these, mm a _ well- 
developed inguinal and a less 
marked axillary whorl, feather- 
ing and crest. It shows, of 
course, also the almost invariable frontal whorl. From this evidence alone a_ pretty 
correct estimation of the speed of this animal would be arrived at without any direct 
observation and record of its habits of life. 
- Besides the habits of locomotion, other active muscular habits are reflected on the 
hairy coats of mammals, and a few of these may be given here. 
The Lion (Fig. 5) presents two very marked and constant peculiarities. First, it 
shows a bilateral whorl, feathering and crest at the root of the neck just above the great 
muscles of the shoulder, and this is evidently connected with the large and constant 
use made of the strong fore-limbs by these great carnivores. This is also seen in the 
tiger, leopard and jaguar, and I have seen two instances (out of a very large number 
examined) in domestic dogs of the dachshund type with very strong fore-limbs. The 
second hair-mark borne by the lion, as to its active habits, is a large nearly oval patch 
of reversed hair, which when examined is found to be a whorl with an unusually 
wide feathering, terminated by a crest, situated in the centre of the back. This is 
G 
BZ 
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Fig. 4. KIANG. 
