104 Mr. Smith's Essay on the Genera and 



the insertion of the antennae, in F. riifa it is red on each side as 

 high as the vertex of the eyes : in small individuals, the entire 

 thorax above, the scale above, and the tibiae and tarsi above, are 

 more or less fuscous ; the margins of the segments of the ab- 

 domen are sometimes rufo-piceous, the tip of the abdomen pale. 



Male. — Very closely resembles F. fusca, but differs from it in 

 the form of the scale, which is transverse, its superior margin 

 being emarginate the entire width ; the angles of the emargina- 

 tion are oblique, the sides being straight — in F. fusca the scale is 

 subrotundate and slightly emarginate above ; the antennae are 

 more slender, the scape longer, and the face less produced before 

 the eyes than in F. fusca. 



This species may be very correctly called a mining Ant ; it 

 constructs its subterranean dwelling, consisting of long tortuous 

 passages, in banks, preferring those in which there is a mixture of 

 clay. It is found in the London district, but is much more local 

 than F. fusca ; I have also found it in the Isle of Wight, at Black- 

 water, Hants, at Weybridge and Southend ; but it is not a very 

 generally distributed species, being confined to particular localities. 

 I have found all the sexes in the Formicarium in the month of 

 August. 



Sp. 4. Formica fusca. 



Fcemina. — Fusco-nigra, nitida, cinereo-micans, mandibulis rufe- 

 scentibus ; scapis antennarum pedibusque rufo-testaceis ; alis 

 hyalinis, nervis et stigmate fuscis ; squama lata subtriangulariter 

 subrotundata ; abdomine ovato, sub-nudo. 



Opei'aria. — Nigra, nitida, valde cinereo-micans; mandibulis, anten- 

 narum scapis, flagellorum basi et pedibus rufo-piceis; femoribus 

 apice rufo-pallidis; squama triangulariter subrotundata, supra 

 leviter emarginata. 



Mas. — Fusco-niger, nitidus, cinereo-micans, antennis et pedi- 

 busque pallide rufescentibus ; squama subrotundata, margine 

 supra emarginata. 



Formica fusca, lAnn. Faun. Suec, p. 226, 1722; Syst. Nat., i. 

 963,4; Fabr. Ent. Syst., ii. 352, 11; Syst. 

 Piez., p. 399, 13; Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm., 

 p. 159, t. 6, f. 32, ^, $, g ; Huber, Rech. 

 Fourm., tab. 2, fig. 8 ?,9 ^ , 10 <J ; Jurine, 

 Hym., p. 272 ; Zett. Ins. Lapp., p. 448, 4 ; St. 

 Farg. Hym., i. 205, 6 ; Nyland. x'\dno. Mon. 

 Form., p. 919, 15 ; Foerstcr, Hym. Stud. 

 Form, 



