50 
ON THE GEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY 
General section of the Rocks of Kansas Valley from the Cretaceous down, so as to include portions of the Upper 
Coal measures. 
1. Red, brown, and yellowish, rather coarse-grained sandstone, often obliquely laminated, and containing 
10. 
10. 
. Whitish, very fine-grained argillaceous sandstone, underlaid by bluish purple and ash-colored clays. 
many ferruginous concretions; also, fossil wood and many leaves of dicotyledonous trees, some of which 
belong to existing genera, and others to genera peculiar to the Cretaceous epoch. Locality, summit of 
Smoky hills, . : s ° : 3 : : ‘ : : : 0 0 
Locality same as preceding, . 3 : . : . : . . 3 
. Long, gentle slope, with occasional outcrops of ash-colored red, blue, and whitish, more or less laminated 
clays, with thin beds of sandstone. Locality same as preceding, and extending down at places nearly 
or quite to the bluffs of Smoky Hill river ; thickness about 
. Red sandstone, with some layers of hard, light gray calcareous, do., and both containing ferruginous con- 
eretions. Locality, bluffs of Smoky Hill river, five or six miles above Grand Saline river. Probably 
local, thickness seen about . 5 c : : : : 0 : 0 
- Bluish, red, light yellow, and gray clays, and soft claystones, with sometimes a few thin layers of mag- 
nesian limestone. In many places these clays have been traversed in every direction by cracks, into 
which calcareous and argillaceous matter have found their way, and subsequently become consolidated so 
as to form thin seams of impure yellowish limestone, which cross and intersect each other at every angle. 
The red clays are usually less distinctly laminated, contain more arenaccous matter, and often show 
ripple-marks on the surfaces. Locality, Blugjs along Smoky Hill river, above the mouth of the Grand 
Saline, : : 6 , F : : 5 5 5 ; a : F 5 ‘ 
. Light gray, ash-colored, and red clays, sometimes arenaceous, and often traversed by cracks, filled with 
calcareous matter as in the bed aboye,—alternating with thin layers and seams of gypsum. Locality, 
near mouth of Smoky Hillviver, . 3 3 : ; : : é ; 0 ° : 
Rather compact amorphous white gypsum, with near the base disseminated crystals, dark-colored do. 
Locality same as last, . : ° : : : : 6 : . . 5 . yeasts 
Alternations of ash-colored, more or less arenaceous clays, with thin beds and seams of gypsum above ; 
towards lower part, thin layers of claystone, and at some places soft magnesian limestone. Locality same 
as last, . : 2 . . . : : . : 6 : : ° 
Rough conglomerated mass, composed of fragments of magnesian limestone and sandstone, with sometimes 
a few quartz pebbles, cemented by calcareous and arenaceous matter; variable in the thickness and 
probably local. Locality, south side of Smoky Hill river, ten or twelve miles below Solomon’s fork, seen 
Bluish, light gray, and red Jaminated clays, with seams and beds of yellowish magnesian limestone, con- 
taining Monotis Hawni, Myalina perattenuata, Pleurophorus? subcuneata, Edmondia? Calhouni, 
Pecten undt., and Spirigera near S. subtilita ; also Nautilus eccentricus, Bakevellia parva, Leda sub- 
scitula, Axinus rotundatus, and undetermined species of Bellerophon, Murchisonia, &c. Locality, near 
Smoky Hill river, on high country south of Fort Riley, as well as on Cottonwood creek, 
Light grayish and yellow magnesian limestone, in layers and beds, sometimes alternating with bluish and 
other colored clays, and containing Solemya, a Myalina near M. squamosa, Pleurophorus? subcuneata, 
Bakevellia parva, Pecten undt., and a Euomphalus near HL. rugosus; also, a Spirigera allied to S. sub- 
tilita, but more gibbous, Orthisina wmbraculum ?, O. Shumardiana, &e. Locality, summit of the hills, 
Feet. 
60 
15 
15 
60 
to 5 
50 
18 
90 
near Fort Riley and above there; also seen on Cottonwood creek,  . : : é . . 25 to 35 
