346 ON THE ETHNOGRAPHY AND PHILOLOGY OF THE 
I have searched with much care all the works within my reach, and can find no detailed 
account of their history, only incidental allusions to them in the writings of various travel- 
lers. Gallatin remarks that they were visited by Bourgmont as early as 1724, and observes 
that they occupied very nearly the same district of country over which they range at the 
present time. I can find no reliable account of their migration from any distant point to 
their present location. It is the opinion of Mr. Shea that Cavilier alludes to them under 
the name of Panismahans, in his account of “a Salle’s Voyage to the Mouth of the 
Mississippi, in 1688,” where he notes the information given him by three Shawnee In- 
dians, “that there were other nations to the northwest, who had kings and chiefs, and 
observed some forms of government, honoring and respecting their kings as Europeans do 
theirs.” Again, in the narrative of Father Doway, who, it seems, was a member of La 
Salle’s party, in his attempt to ascend the Mississippi, in 1687, we find the following 
paragraph, which throws much light upon the location of numerous other tribes now in- 
habiting the Missouri Valley: ‘““ We crossed the Ouabache (Wabash) there on the 26th of 
August (1687), and found it full sixty leagues to the mouth of the River Illinois, still 
ascending the Colbert. About six leagues above this mouth there is on the northwest 
the famous river of the Massourites, or Osages, at least as large as the river into which it 
empties ; it is formed by a number of other known rivers, everywhere navigable, and in- 
habited by many populous tribes, as the Panimaha, who had but one chief and twenty- 
two villages, the least of which has two hundred cabins; the Paneassa, the Pana, the 
Paneloza, the Matotantes, each of which, separately, is not inferior to the Panimaha. - They 
include also the Osages, who have seventeen villages on a river of their name, which 
empties into that of the Massourites, to which the maps have also extended the name of 
Osages. The Arkansas were formerly stationed on the upper part of one of these rivers, 
but the Iroquois drove them out by cruel wars some years ago, so that they, with some 
Osage villages, were obliged to drop down and settle on the river which now bears their 
name, and of which I have spoken.” ‘The above account seems to me to be somewhat 
confused, according to our present ideas of the geography of the Mississippi Valley; but I 
am inclined to think that the various tribes of Indians alluded to were located in the 
Missouri Valley. In the narrative of the “ Travels of Lewis and Clarke,” may be found 
the most reliable account of the location and condition of the Pawnees at the time when 
these enterprising explorers ascended the Missouri. At that time, 1803, their principal 
village was situated on the south side of the Platte, about forty-five miles above its mouth, 
and contained about five hundred warriors. Not many years previously were added the 
Republican Pawnees, so called from their having lived on a branch of the Kansas of that 
name. ‘This band numbered two hundred and fifty warriors. ‘The third band was called 
the Pawnee Loups, or Wolf Pawnees, who resided on the Wolf or Loup Fork of the 
