446 ON THE ETHNOGRAPHY AND PHILOLOGY OF THE 
three hundred warriors. The upper Iowa town is about fifteen miles below the mouth 
of the river, on the east side of Mississippi, and could formerly furnish four hundred 
watriors.” 
This tribe, which they call Ayauways, seems not to have attracted the special attention 
of those remarkable travellers and explorers, Lewis and Clarke, yet from incidental allusions 
to them, we know that they resided on the Missouri near the commencement of the pre- 
sent century. We cannot now attempt to trace out the different villages of the lowas 
along the track of their migration, a work which has already been so well done by Mr. 
Schoolcraft in the third part of his Report. They are at this time located on a reservation 
on the west side of the Missouri, near latitude 40°. They number about four hundred 
and fifty persons, have progressed much in the cultivation of the soil, and many of them 
are partially civilized. Like most of the Indians on the frontier, they seem, however, to 
contract more readily the vices than adopt the virtues of the white race. Mission schools 
have been established among them, at which from thirty to fifty scholars are instructed. 
The grammatical structure of the Iowa language has been carefully wrought out by 
those indefatigable missionaries, Messrs. Hamilton and Irvin, and published in several 
~ small volumes at the Mission. These books having been prepared especially for the use of 
the Mission, they have not been circulated to any extent for ethnological and philological 
purposes. The most important publications on the Iowa language prepared by these 
gentlemen are, 
1st. An Elementary Book of the Iowa Language, with an English translation, by Wm. 
Hamilton and S. M. Irvin, under the direction of the Board of Foreign Missions of the 
Presbyterian Church. J. B. Ray, interpreter. Iowa and Sac Mission Press, Indian 
Territory, 1843. Small octavo; pp. 101. 
2d. An Iowa Grammar, illustrating the principles of the Language used by the Iowa, 
Oto, and Missouri Indians. Prepared and printed by Rev. Wm. Hamilton and Rey. S. M. 
Irvin, under the direction of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. Iowa and Sac 
Mission Press, 1848. Small octavo; pp. 152. There is also a small volume of hymns, 
but without an English translation. 
In the preface to the Grammar, the authors make the following very interesting and 
truthful remarks : 
“The language used by the Iowa and Oto and Missouri tribes is the same; a slight 
difference is perceptible in their mode of speaking, and a few words are common to one 
tribe that are not common to the others, yet the difference is not greater than is often 
found to prevail among the inhabitants of the different States. 
‘There is so much similarity in the languages of many of the Indian tribes, that it 
shows them to have had one common origin, while others, again, differ as widely as two 
