474 INTELLECTUAL SYMBOLISM. 
37. CONSCIOUSNESS. 
Morivity (M). SPONTANEITY (S). RATIONALITY (R). 
——— = Coa aN! oe —— 
MM MS MR SM SS SR RM RS RR 
mS Ses ii ses a east ec est ac eens 
re — = 
OS Bnei HMM Ane spe Sn =AN Sone ane 
Ss = 
Se MRAM AMR SSsSs ppm eee Bee nOmM MAA 
|| FS FS A 
See Bae 2NN NNN NNN prea meee 
38. If we assign names to each of these symbols indicative of their exact significance, 
we may make an exhaustive catalogue of the powers of the mind. In selecting those 
names, it will be well to appropriate as far as possible, those that are already in use ; for 
new and unfamiliar names would have no advantage over the simple symbols, and they 
would cumber the memory without conveying so distinct ideas as the symbols that they 
were supposed to illustrate and explain. 
39. But when terms have become familiar, and have acquired a meaning somewhat pre- 
cise, it is not wise to discard them altogether, especially if we can submit them to a sys- 
tem that will render their significance still more definite.* There are equally valid 
reasons for allowing observation and experiment to precede theory and scientific classifica- 
tion, in mental as in physical science. very diligent observer will discover interesting 
and valuable facts, in whatever direction his inquiries may be turned, and the researches 
of mental philosophers will be found to have developed a mass of information and nomen- 
clature, much more varied than that aggregate of physical ideas on which the modem 
natural philosophy was built. If this information were all arranged in accordance with 
any system, however imperfect, so that it could be readily learned;it would afford great 
aid to those who desire to pursue metaphysical investigations, and its value for educational 
purposes would be inestimable. 
40. Dr. Reid, starting from the division of the mental faculties into those of wnder- 
standing and those of will,—a division which Hamilton traces “to the classification taken 
in the Aristotelic school, of the powers into gnostic or cognitive, and orectic, or appetent,” 
recognizes the mutuality of the faculties in the following remarks: 
41. “ As the mind exerts some degree of activity even in the operations of understand- 
ing, so it is certain that there can be no act of will, which is not accompanied by some 
act of understanding. The will must have an object, and that object must be apprehended 
* «The common terms of a language represent the results attained by the experience of all preceding ages.” 
+ “But that each one says something concerning nature; and though each singly adds nothing or little to it, 
yet from all collected, there is some magnitude.” Aristotle: Metaphysics, B. 2, chap. 1. 
