PRIMARY FACULTIES. 479 
which he conceives to depend upon his determination. To this power we give the name 
of Will.”* 
65. Cousin observes as follows: ‘The peculiar characteristic of the me is causality, or 
will, since we refer to ourselves, we impute to ourselves only what we cause, and we cause 
only what we will. To will, to cause, to exist for ourselves,—these are synonymous ex- 
pressions for the same fact, which comprises at once will, causality, and personality. ... . 
The phenomenon of will presents the following elements, 1, to decide upon an act to be 
performed ; 2, to deliberate ; 3, to resolve. Now if we look at it, it is reason which com- 
poses the first element entirely, and even the second ; for it is reason also which deliberates, 
but it is not reason which resolves and determines.”’> 
66. Jouffroy says: “To direct and to correct, such is then the double action of the per- 
sonal power over the development of our faculties. .. . The personal faculty (or that 
supreme power that we have to make use of ourselves, and of the capacities which are in 
us, and to dispose of them), is known under the names of liberty and of will, which desig- 
nate it but imperfectly.” 
67. Enrrey, if we look merely to its etymological derivation, would appear to imply 
activity. Sir William Hamilton says: “ Energy is often ignorantly used in English for 
force. . . Operation, Act, Energy, ave nearly convertible terms, and are opposed to Faculty, 
as the actual to the potential.”§ If this position of the distinguished philosopher is im- 
pregnable, there would be a manifest impropriety in ranking Energy among the faculties 
of the mind. 
68. But whatever may have been the original meaning of the word, it is evident that 
its ordinary acceptation at the present day, does not necessarily involve the idea of ac- 
tivity. Moreover, by a common metonymy, the same word is often used to denote a 
faculty, or power of mental action, and also to designate the specific act of that faculty. 
Thus desire, sentiment, instinct, will, perception, judgment, are all employed with a two- 
fold meaning,—one subjective, and the other objective; and if there is no impropriety in 
applying the term judgment indiscriminately, to the faculty of judging and to the decision 
of that faculty, there can be none in using the term Energy to denote the faculty of acting 
for a fixed purpose, as well as to denote the action itself. 
69. Energy is variously defined by our principal lexicographers, as ‘* power, inherent or 
? 
exerted ;” “force ;” “vigor;” “operation ;” “strength;” “efficacy ;” “faculty.” An 
energetic man is equally energetic, whether he is active or at rest; he is one who has the 
faculty of intelligent and successful activity, which he may exercise, like his other facul- 
ties, at his own pleasure. 
* Reid, p. 530. + Cousin, pp. 384, 386. 
{ Melanges Philosophiques, 2de edit., pp. 345-849. § Reid, pp. 515, 221. 
vou. x11.—61 
